Uribel, Uro-MP, ndi Urogesic Blue: chifukwa chake awa ndi mankhwala ophatikiza zosakaniza zingapo

Wodwala amayamba kumwa kapisozi wabuluu chifukwa cha kupsa pokodza ndi kufuna kukodza mwadzidzidzi. Mkodzo umasanduka wabuluu. Botolo la mankhwala owonjezera likakhala ndi dzina lina la malonda, wodwalayo amafunsa funso lomveka: kodi utoto wabuluu ndi umene umagwira ntchito ya mankhwala, ndipo kodi chinthu chilichonse chokhala ndi methylene blue chimagwira ntchito mofanana?

Maganizo amenewo ndi olakwika, ndipo lebulo limafotokoza chifukwa chake. Uribel, Uro-MP, ndi Urogesic Blue ndi mankhwala ophatikiza zosakaniza zingapo. Methylene blue ndi chosakaniza chimodzi mwa zingapo, ndipo pa lebulo imafotokozedwa ngati chinthu chofooka chochepetsa tizilombo, osati ngati chithandizo chonse. Poyerekezera mankhwalawa, werengani chosakaniza chilichonse ndi ntchito yake yolembedwa m'malo mongoyang'ana mtundu wake.

Mankhwala onse atatu omwe afotokozedwa pano ali mu DailyMed ngati mankhwala osavomerezedwa, okhala ndi malebulo operekedwa ndi opanga. Udindo umenewo ndi wofunika. Ukutanthauza kuti malebulo amafotokoza zosakaniza za mankhwala amene akugulitsidwa, koma mankhwalawa sanadutse mu kuwunika kwa FDA kovomereza mankhwala atsopano mofanana ndi mankhwala ovomerezedwa amene amaperekedwa ndi kalata ya dokotala. Yang'anani lebulo la mankhwala amene mwapatsidwa, osati dzina la gulu la malonda, musanaganize kuti ndi ofanana.

Kuyerekezera zosakaniza za mankhwala aliwonse

Tebuloli likugwiritsa ntchito malebulo amakono a ku US. Kuchuluka kwake ndi kwa kapisozi aliyense wa Uribel ndi Uro-MP, komanso kwa piritsi lililonse lokutidwa la Urogesic Blue.

Lebulo lamakono la Uribel limatchula zosakaniza zisanuzi ndipo limafotokoza ntchito iliyonse yomwe ili pamwambapa. Lebulo lamakono la Uro-MP limafanana ndi la Uribel pa chosakaniza chilichonse ndi kuchuluka kwake, ndipo kusiyana kokha kuli mmene mtundu wa mchere wa phosphate wafotokozedwera. Lebulo lamakono la Urogesic Blue limafotokoza piritsi la zosakaniza zinayi lokhala ndi kuchuluka kosiyana kwa methenamine ndi methylene blue, ndipo lilibe phenyl salicylate.

Pali mfundo imodzi yofunika kuiona powerenga lebulo. Gawo la Kufotokozera la Uribel limati methenamine ndi 118 mg, pamene tebulo la zosakaniza patsamba lomwelo la DailyMed limasonyeza 120 mg. Gwiritsani ntchito 118 mg yolembedwa m'gawo la Kufotokozera ndi pa paketi ngati kuchuluka kwa kapisozi aliyense, ndipo tengani kusiyana kumeneku ngati chifukwa chotsimikizira paketi yomwe mwapatsidwa, osati ngati kuchuluka kwina kwa mankhwalawa.

Ntchito ya chosakaniza chilichonse malinga ndi lebulo

Methenamine imagwira ntchito yaikulu yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya yomwe yafotokozedwa pa malebulowa. Mu mkodzo wa asidi, imasanduka formaldehyde, yomwe lebulo limafotokoza kuti imapha mabakiteriya kapena kuletsa kukula kwawo. Njira imeneyo ikufotokoza chifukwa chake chowonjezera asidi ndi chofunika. Sodium phosphate monobasic imathandiza kusunga mkodzo kukhala wa asidi kuti methenamine ithe kusintha mmene ikuyembekezeredwa. Choncho mankhwala amene amakweza pH ya mkodzo, kuphatikizapo mankhwala ena ochepetsa asidi m'mimba, thiazides, ndi mankhwala opangitsa mkodzo kukhala wa alkali, angachepetse ntchito ya methenamine yomwe yafotokozedwa pa lebulo.

Phenyl salicylate ili ndi ntchito yocheperapo. Lebulo limati imatulutsa salicylate, yomwe imafotokozedwa ngati yochepetsa ululu pang'ono. Ili mu Uribel ndi Uro-MP koma mulibe mu Urogesic Blue yamakono. Wodwala amene wasintha kuchoka pa kapisozi wa zosakaniza zisanu kupita pa piritsi la zosakaniza zinayi n'kuona kuti ululu sukuchepa monga kale ali ndi kusiyana koonekera pa lebulo koti akambirane ndi wopereka mankhwala, osati chinthu chosamvetsetseka.

Methylene blue ili ndi ntchito yothandizira malinga ndi malebulowa. Malebulo ofanana ndi a Uribel komanso lebulo la Urogesic Blue onse amaitcha chinthu chofooka chochepetsa tizilombo. Mawu amenewo anasankhidwa mwadala. Safotokoza methylene blue ngati mankhwala a mkodzo ogwiritsidwa ntchito okha, ndipo palibe mwa malebulo atatuwa limene limati methylene blue yokha ingalowe m'malo mwa mankhwala ophatikizawa. Mtundu wabuluu umasonyeza kuti ilipo. Suyesa mmene zosakaniza zina zikugwirira ntchito.

Hyoscyamine sulfate imapereka ntchito yochepetsa kukokana kwa minofu. Lebulo limafotokoza kuti imalepheretsa ntchito ya mitsempha ya parasympathetic, zomwe zimachepetsa zizindikiro zokhudzana ndi kukokana kwa minofu ya chikhodzodzo. Mmene mankhwalawa amagwirira ntchito kumafotokozanso machenjezo a pa lebulo: kuuma kwa pakamwa, kuona mosamveka bwino, chizungulire kapena kuwodzera, kugunda mofulumira kwa mtima, ndi kuvutika kukodza mpaka kufika posatha kutulutsa mkodzo mwadzidzidzi. Malebulo amalangiza odwala kuti asiye kumwa mankhwalawa ndi kufunafuna chithandizo ngati mtima ukugunda mofulumira, ali ndi chizungulire, kapena akuona mosamveka bwino. Amatchulanso glaucoma, kutsekeka kwa njira ya m'mimba ndi matumbo, myasthenia gravis, ndi kutsekeka kwa njira ya mkodzo monga mikhalidwe yofunika kusamalidwa kwambiri.

Chifukwa chake methylene blue yokha si yolowa m'malo

Mukachotsa zosakaniza zinayi pa mankhwala a zosakaniza zisanu, utoto wotsalawo sungasunge ntchito ya mankhwala ophatikizidwa yomwe yalembedwa pa lebulo. Methenamine imapereka ntchito yolimbana ndi mabakiteriya kudzera mu formaldehyde. Phosphate imasunga mkodzo kukhala wa asidi, zomwe ntchito imeneyo imadalira. Hyoscyamine imapereka ntchito yochepetsa kukokana kwa minofu. Mu Uribel ndi Uro-MP, phenyl salicylate imapereka chosakaniza chochepetsa ululu chomwe chalembedwa pa lebulo. Madzi a chosakaniza chimodzi ogulitsidwa kwa ogula alibe ntchito zothandizira za zosakaniza zinazo pa kuchuluka kumeneku, ndipo palibe lebulo la mankhwala ophatikizawa limene limavomereza kusinthana kumeneku.

Kuunika chitetezo kumasinthanso mukaganizira mankhwala onse ophatikizidwa. Zambiri zoperekera methylene blue kudzera mu mtsempha zili ndi chenjezo m'bokosi lonena za vuto lalikulu la serotonin syndrome lomwe lingaphe munthu akagwiritsa ntchito pamodzi ndi mankhwala okhudza serotonin ndi opioids. Malebulo a mankhwala atatu ophatikizidwa a mkodzowa alibe chenjezo limenelo m'bokosi, ndipo magawo awo okhudza kugwirizana kwa mankhwala amayang'ana pa zotsatira zoletsa ntchito ya muscarinic, kusintha kwa pH ya mkodzo, chiopsezo cha makhiristo mu mkodzo chifukwa cha sulfonamide ikakumana ndi formaldehyde, kusalolera salicylate, ndi nkhani zofanana nazo. Kusapezeka kwa chenjezolo sikutanthauza kuti mankhwala ophatikizidwa okhala ndi methylene blue ndi otetezeka kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi mankhwala a kuvutika maganizo. Popeza chiopsezo chokhudza serotonin cha methylene blue yoperekedwa m'njira zina osati mu mtsempha, pa kuchuluka kochepa, sichinamvetsetsedwe mokwanira, aliyense amene akumwa SSRI, SNRI, MAOI, linezolid, dextromethorphan, bupropion, mankhwala olimbikitsa, kapena opioid ayenera kuti wopereka mankhwala ndi katswiri wa mankhwala awunikenso mndandanda wonse kaye. Kalozera wathu wa kugwirizana kwa methylene blue ndi mankhwala ena amafotokoza mwatsatanetsatane maganizo amenewa omwe amadalira njira yoperekera mankhwalawo.

Tsamba limodzi la mitundu ya malonda, osati dzina limodzi la botolo lililonse

Kufufuza mankhwala osagwiritsa ntchito dzina la malonda ofanana ndi Uribel kumayambitsa chisokonezo chochuluka. Mankhwala opanda dzina la malonda amene amalemba zosakaniza zisanu zomwezo pa 118 mg, 40.8 mg, 36 mg, 10 mg, ndi 0.12 mg ali m'gulu lomwelo loyerekezera ndi Uribel ya dzina la malonda. Dzina la wopanga ndi mtundu wa kapisozi sizimatsimikizira mtundu wa mankhwalawo. Mndandanda wa zosakaniza ndi umene umatero.

Uro-MP ili m'gulu lomwelo pa chifukwa chomwecho. Lebulo lake lamakono limafanana ndi zosakaniza zisanu za Uribel pa kuchuluka komweko, choncho kuziika patsamba limodzi kumapewa kupanga kusiyana kwabodza pakati pa mankhwala awiri amene zosakaniza zake ndi pafupifupi zofanana. Urogesic Blue iyenera kukhala patsamba lomwelo koma m'gulu lina, chifukwa piritsi lamakono linasinthidwa kukhala mankhwala a zosakaniza zinayi okhala ndi methenamine 81.6 mg ndi methylene blue 10.8 mg popanda phenyl salicylate. Kutenga mayina onse atatu ngati mayina a chinthu chimodzi kumanyalanyaza kusiyana kumeneko. Kafukufuku wokhudzana ndi zizindikiro za mkodzo amathandiza kuti kuyerekezera kumeneku kukhalebe kogwirizana ndi funso lachipatala, pamene njira yathu yowerengera malebulo imasonyeza mmene mungafananizire botolo lililonse limene mwapatsidwa ndi tebulo pamwambapa.

Mabotolo akale amawonjezera msampha wina. Zosakaniza za mankhwala okhala ndi mayina a malondawa zasintha pakapita nthawi, ndipo piritsi la zaka zapitazo lingakhale losiyana ndi lebulo lamakono. Musaganize kuti mndandanda wakale wa zosakaniza ukugwirabe ntchito panopa. Werengani botolo lomwe muli nalo.

Zizindikiro zikasintha, ganizirani chosakaniza choyenera

Kusintha komwe kumachitika mutayamba kapena mutasintha amodzi mwa mankhwalawa kumafuna kudziwa chimene chayambitsa. Chosakaniza chilichonse chimakhala ndi zotsatira zake zodziwika, ndipo lebulo limathandiza kudziwa chosakaniza chimene funsolo likukhudza.

Kupsa kuchepa koma kufuna kukodza mwadzidzidzi ndi kukokana kwa minofu kupitirirabe kumasonyeza kusiyana kwa ntchito ya chosakaniza chochepetsa ululu ndi yochepetsa kukokana kwa minofu. Phenyl salicylate imachepetsa ululu wochepa, pamene hyoscyamine imachepetsa kukokana kwa minofu. Ngati kusintha kupita ku Urogesic Blue kwachotsa phenyl salicylate, kupsa kopitirirabe kuyenera kukambidwa mwachindunji ponena za chosakaniza chochepetsa ululu chomwe sichikupezekanso, m'malo mowonjezera kuchuluka kwa piritsi latsopanolo.

Kuuma kwa pakamwa komwe kwayamba kumene, kuona zinthu zapafupi mosamveka bwino, kudzimbidwa, kugunda mofulumira kwa mtima, kapena kuvutika kuyamba kukodza kumasonyeza hyoscyamine. Izi ndi zotsatira zoletsa ntchito ya muscarinic zolembedwa pa lebulo, ndipo kulephera kutulutsa mkodzo kungafune chithandizo chofulumira. Musayese kuthana nazo powonjezera mankhwala ena omasula minofu ya chikhodzodzo popanda malangizo a wopereka mankhwala, chifukwa mankhwala ena oletsa ntchito ya muscarinic angakulitse zotsatirazo.

Zotupa pakhungu, kulira m'makutu, kapena kusalolera mankhwala kwa munthu amene salolera aspirin kumasonyeza chosakaniza cha salicylate mu Uribel ndi Uro-MP. Malebulo amatchula kuthekera kwakuti odwala amene salolera salicylates angasalolerenso mankhwalawa. Kusankha mankhwala opanda salicylate ndi chisankho cha wopereka mankhwala, osati kusintha nokha, chifukwa mankhwala olowa m'malowo amakhalabe ndi methenamine, methylene blue, ndi hyoscyamine, zomwe zili ndi zoletsa zawo.

Mafunso okhudza kusintha kwa mankhwala a mu mkodzo komwe kumaupangitsa kukhala wamtambo amakhudza methenamine ndi phosphate. Mkodzo wa alkali umasokoneza njira yogwirira ntchito ya methenamine yomwe yalembedwa pa lebulo, ndipo malebulo amachenjeza kuti mankhwala a sulfonamide angapange zinthu zolimba akakumana ndi formaldehyde mu mkodzo ndi kuwonjezera chiopsezo cha makhiristo mu mkodzo. Chenjezo limenelo limafotokoza kugwirizana ndi mankhwala ena apadera a sulfonamide. Silinena kuti mankhwala a mkodzowa ali ndi maantibayotiki a sulfa. Bweretsani mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala, kuphatikizapo ochepetsa asidi m'mimba ndi thiazides, pa kuwunikako. Mafunso okhudza mmene matenda akuyendera ndi nthawi yobwereza chithandizo ali mu njira yathu yosamalira matenda a njira ya mkodzo.

Musaganize kuti mankhwala a kudziko lina okhala ndi dzina lofanana ndi ofanana

Mankhwala ophatikiza zochepetsa tizilombo ndi zochepetsa ululu a njira ya mkodzo amasiyana m'mayiko osiyanasiyana. Mankhwala ogulitsidwa kunja ndi dzina lofanana lokhudzana ndi mtundu wabuluu kapena methenamine angakhale ndi zosakaniza zosiyana, mitundu yosiyana ya mchere, kapena kuchuluka kosiyana ndi malebulo a ku US omwe ayerekezera pano. Kuyerekezera kokha kodalirika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kapepala ka malangizo ka m'paketi kogwirizana ndi dzikolo kapena chidule cha makhalidwe a mankhwalawo pa paketi yeniyeni yomwe yaperekedwa. Fananizani zinthu zonse zisanu m'tebulo: methenamine, mtundu wa phosphate, kupezeka kapena kusapezeka kwa phenyl salicylate, kuchuluka kwa methylene blue, ndi kuchuluka kwa hyoscyamine. Kuyerekezera zinthu zochepera pamenepo kumangotsimikizira kuti mankhwalawo ali m'gulu limodzi, osati kuti zosakaniza zake ndi zofanana. Njira zotchulira mankhwala m'mayiko osiyanasiyana zafotokozedwa mu kuyerekezera kwathu kwa mankhwala a mkodzo a m'mayiko osiyanasiyana.

Bweretsani zinthu zitatu ku kauntala ya ku malo ogulitsa mankhwala: botolo la mankhwala amene mwapatsidwa, mndandanda wonse wa mankhwala ndi zowonjezera zakudya kuphatikizapo mankhwala okhudza serotonin ndi ochepetsa asidi m'mimba, komanso chizindikiro chomwe chasintha. Zinthu zitatuzi zimathandiza katswiri wa mankhwala kugwirizanitsa vutolo ndi chosakaniza chimene chikuyambitsa, m'malo mobwerezanso mkangano wokhudza dzina la malonda.