Chosinthira kuchulukana kwa methylene blue: peresenti, mg/mL, ndi voliyumu yoyezedwa

Chisakanizo chamadzimadzi cha methylene blue cha 1% w/v chili ndi 10 mg/mL. Chizindikiro chongoti “1%” chimasiya funso lofunika losayankhidwa: kodi ndi gramu imodzi pa mamililita 100 a chisakanizo chamadzimadzi, kapena gramu imodzi pa magalamu 100? Yoyambayo imasinthidwa mwachindunji kukhala mg/mL. Yachiwiriyo imafuna kachulukidwe ka chisakanizocho.

Tsegulani chosinthira kuchulukana kuti mulowetse maziko a zomwe zalembedwa pa chizindikiro, kuchulukana, ndi voliyumu yoyezedwa. Chidachi chimagwira ntchito mu bulawuza yanu ndipo mukhoza kuchisunga kuti muchigwiritse ntchito popanda intaneti. Chimawerengera kulemera kwa chinthu chamankhwala ndi miyeso yofanana m'mayunitsi ena. Sichisankha mlingo wopatsa munthu, njira yoperekera, kapena ndandanda ya chithandizo. Mafunso amenewo amafuna kuwunika kwina, komwe kwafotokozedwa mu chifukwa chake kuchulukana sikuli malangizo a mlingo wopereka.

Werengani chogawa musanawerenge nambala

Kuchulukana kumafotokoza kuchuluka kwa chinthu chimodzi poyerekeza ndi kuchuluka kotchulidwa kwa chisakanizo. Chogawa ndi chimene chimatsimikiza tanthauzo la nambalayo. NIST imasiyanitsa kuchulukana kotengera kulemera ndi kuchulukana kotengera kuchuluka kwa chinthu chamankhwala: mg/mL imafotokoza kulemera pa voliyumu, pamene mol/L imafotokoza kuchuluka kwa chinthu chamankhwala pa voliyumu. Iyi ndi miyeso yosiyana.

Pa chosinthirachi, gwiritsani ntchito matanthauzo awa a zomwe mungalowetse:

Matanthauzo a EMD Chemicals a zisakanizo zamadzimadzi amasiyanitsa momveka bwino w/v, w/w, ndi v/v. Chowerengerachi sichilandira peresenti v/v, yomwe imafotokoza ubale wa mavoliyumu ndipo siingasinthidwe kukhala kulemera kwa chinthu chosungunulidwa pogwiritsa ntchito peresenti yokha.

Sinthani peresenti w/v kukhala mg/mL

Pa peresenti yotchulidwa p yotengera w/v:

Kuchulukana mu mg/mL = p × 10

Chiwerengero cha 10 chimachokera pakusintha mayunitsi: magalamu p mu 100 mL ndi ofanana ndi mamiligalamu p × 1,000 ogawidwa ndi 100 mL. Kuti musinthe mobwerera, gawani mg/mL ndi 10.

Izi ndi zitsanzo za masamu, osati malingaliro a kuchuluka koyenera kuperekedwa. Onani kuti kuchulukitsa kuchulukana kawiri kumachulukitsanso kulemera kawiri mu voliyumu yomweyo. Malangizo a voliyumu sangagwiritsidwe ntchito pa zisakanizo za kuchulukana kosiyana popanda kufufuza kuchulukana kwake.

“Chisakanizo chamadzimadzi chomalizidwa” nachonso n'chofunika. Kufotokoza kuti gramu imodzi pa 100 mL kumatanthauza voliyumu yonse chinthucho chitasungunuka. Sikutanthauza kuwonjezera gramu imodzi ku madzi a 100 mL omwe anayezedwa kale. Pokonza chisakanizo, voliyumu yomaliza ndiyo muyeso woyerekezera.

Sinthani peresenti w/w pogwiritsa ntchito kachulukidwe ka chisakanizo chamadzimadzi

Pa peresenti p yotengera w/w ndi kachulukidwe ka chisakanizo chamadzimadzi ρ mu g/mL:

Kuchulukana mu mg/mL = p × 10 × ρ

Tiyerekeze kuti chisakanizo chamadzimadzi chongoperekedwa ngati chitsanzo chili ndi 1% w/w ndipo kachulukidwe kake kolembedwa ndi 1.05 g/mL. Mililita imodzi imalemera 1.05 g. Peresenti imodzi ya kulemerako ndi chinthu chosungunulidwa chotchulidwacho: 0.0105 g, kapena 10.5 mg. Choncho kuchulukana kwake kotengera kulemera ndi 10.5 mg/mL, kofanana ndi 1.05% w/v.

Kachulukidwe ka m'chitsanzocho kangogwiritsidwa ntchito ngati koyerekezera mwadala. Si muyeso wa chinthu cha Blupreme. Lowetsani kachulukidwe ka chisakanizo chenicheni chomalizidwa, pa kutentha koyenera. Kachulukidwe ka madzi kapena ka ufa wouma wa methylene blue ndi muyeso wina. Ngati kachulukidwe sikakupezeka, chosinthirachi chimasiya kuwerengera kwa w/w kosamalizidwa m'malo mongoika 1 g/mL popanda kukudziwitsani.

Powerengera mobwerera, peresenti w/w imakhala mg/mL yogawidwa ndi 10 × kachulukidwe mu g/mL. Izi zikufotokoza chifukwa chake w/w ndi w/v zingakhale ndi manambala ooneka ofanana m'zisakanizo zina zamadzi zomwe zili ndi chinthu chosungunulidwa chochepa, ngakhale kuti matanthauzo ake sangalowe m'malo mwa wina ndi mnzake.

Werengerani kulemera mu voliyumu yoyezedwa

Kuchulukana kukafotokozedwa mu mg/mL:

Kulemera mu mg = kuchulukana mu mg/mL × voliyumu mu mL

Gawo loyezedwa la mu labotale la 0.25 mL lotengedwa ku chisakanizo chosungidwa cha 5 mg/mL lili ndi 1.25 mg ya chinthu chotchulidwa m'mawu ofotokoza kuchulukanako. “Aliquot” pano amatanthauza gawo loyezedwa la chisakanizo chamadzimadzi. Kuwerengeraku kumatenga kuti gawolo likuyimira chisakanizo chotchulidwacho chomwe zinthu zake zagawikana mofanana.

Chipangizocho n'chimene chimatsimikizabe ngati 0.25 mL inatulutsidwadi. Eppendorf imafotokoza mmene makhalidwe a madzi ndi kutentha zimakhudzira kuyeza ndi ma pipeti ogwiritsa ntchito mpweya pakati pa pisitoni ndi madzi. Masamu olondola sangathetse vuto la chipangizo choyezera chosayenera, thovu la mpweya, kapena kuwerenga sikelo molakwika. Zotsatira zowonetsedwa ndi manambala ofunikira asanu ndi limodzi ndi zotsatira za kuwerengera, osati mawu otsimikiza kuti kuyeza kunali kolondola mpaka pa manambala asanu ndi limodzi.

Chifukwa chake palibe chiwerengero cha madontho choikidwa kale

Funso lakuti “Ndi madontho angati amene ali ndi 1 mg?” limafuna kuchulukana komanso voliyumu yoyezedwa ya dontho limodzi. Mawu akuti “dontho limodzi” kapena maonekedwe a chipangizo chotulutsira madontho sapereka voliyumuyo.

Ngati voliyumu yapakati ya dontho yoyezedwa ndi d mL/drop:

Kulemera pa dontho = kuchulukana × d

Pa chitsanzo chongoyerekezera cha muyeso wa 0.04 mL/drop ndi chisakanizo chamadzimadzi cha 10 mg/mL, kulemera kwapakati ndi 0.4 mg/drop. Malinga ndi masamu, miligalamu imodzi imagwirizana ndi 2.5 ya madontho amenewo a voliyumu yapakati. Zotsatira zokhala ndi kagawo zimenezi sizikutanthauza kuti theka la dontho lingatulutsidwe modalirika ndipo si malangizo operekera.

Ntchito ya NIST yoyezera madontho imatsimikiza kulemera ndi voliyumu ya dontho lotulutsidwa mwa kuyeza. Zotsatira za zipangizo zake zotulutsira madontho molondola sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito pa chipangizo chotulutsira madontho cha ogula. Gwiritsani ntchito mfundo za kuyeza zogwirizana ndi madzi enieniwo, chipangizocho, ndi mikhalidwe yogwiritsira ntchito. Siyani malo osafunikirawo opanda kanthu ngati mfundozo palibe; chosinthirachi chidzawerengerabe kulemera kuchokera ku voliyumu yoyezedwa.

Sungani maziko a mankhwala amene ali pa chizindikiro

Chosinthirachi chimagwiritsa ntchito kuchulukana komwe mwalowetsa pa kuwerengera konse. Sichisintha zotsatira malinga ndi kuyesedwa kwa kuchuluka kwa chinthu chofunika mu ufa, kusintha pakati pa maziko a chinthu chokhala ndi madzi mu kapangidwe kake ndi chopanda madziwo, kuzindikira zonyansa, kapena kutsimikiza kuti chisakanizo n'choyenera ntchito inayake. Pokhala mukulemba zotsatira, koperani mafotokozedwe onse a chinthu chamankhwalacho kuchokera m'chikalata choyambira. Buku lofotokoza kuchulukana kwa chisakanizo chamadzimadzi cha methylene blue limafotokoza mmene mungayerekezere mafotokozedwe a kuchulukana pa zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Musanagwiritse ntchito zotsatira, lembani zinthu zitatu pamodzi: kuchulukana koyambirira ndi maziko ake, voliyumu yoyezedwa, ndi kulemera kowerengedwa. Onjezerani kachulukidwe kapena muyeso wa madontho ngati chimodzi mwa zimenezi chinagwiritsidwa ntchito. Zolembedwazo zimathandiza kuti kuwerengerako kubwerezedwenso ndipo zimasonyeza zomwe zinatengedwa ngati zoona, zomwe nambala yokha ikanabisa.