Te tikanga kikorangi metilīni hei ine i te sulfide

Ka ine te tikanga sulfide kikorangi metilīni i te sulfide mā te huri hei waikano kikorangi, kātahi ka ine i te ngongonga ka hua mai. Ko te kikorangi metilīni te hua tauhohenga e kawe ana i te tohu tātari. Ehara te tāpiri i tētahi pounamu kikorangi metilīni ki te wai i tēnei whakamātautau.

Ko te wāhanga uaua, i te nuinga o te wā, ko te pupuri i te tauira kia whakaata tonu ai i tōna pūtakenga kia puta rā anō taua tauhohenga. Kāore tētahi pānuitanga ngongonga tino pū e taea te whakahoki mai i te sulfide i puta atu, i hāoratia rānei i te wā kohinga. Kāore hoki e taea te wehewehe i te sulfide hauwai herekore i ērā atu puna pūngāwhā ka tukuna e te whakaritenga tauira.

He aha e whakaputa ana i te tae kikorangi?

I te Tikanga EPA 376.2, ka tauhohe te sulfide ki te dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine i te aroaro o te pūhaumāota rino(III), hei hanga kikorangi metilīni. Ka whakarite ngā tauhohenga waikawa i ngā āhuatanga e hangaia ai te waikano. Kātahi te pūrere ka ine i te ngongonga o te māramatanga e te wairewa ka hua mai.

Ko te tauhohenga ā-ariā tēnei:

Sulfide + N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine + Fe(III), i ngā āhuatanga waikawa → kikorangi metilīni → inenga ngongonga.

He hoahoa tātari tēnei, ehara i te whārite tauhohenga kua taurite. Me ahu mai te hanganga me te kukūtanga o ngā tauhohenga, te wā whanaketanga, te roangaru, me te ara whatu i te tikanga kua kōwhiria.

Kāore e taea te whakawhiti noa i aua taipitopito. E tohu ana a EPA 376.2 kia ine ki te 625 nm. Ka whakamahi te tukanga Hach 8131 kua tuhia mō tana pūrere DR/5000 i te 665 nm. Kāore tētahi uara mō te ngongonga kikorangi metilīni mai i ngā tuhinga rangahau e whakakapi i ngā tautuhinga me te whakatika ā-paerewa o tētahi whakamātautau motuhake.

Tautuhia te hautanga sulfide i mua i te kohinga

Ka huna pea te kupu “kukūtanga sulfide hauwai” i ngā whāinga inenga rerekē. I roto i te wai, ka hono te H₂S rewa me te HS⁻ mā te matū waikawa–pāpā. Ka whakawhirinaki ō rāua ōwehenga ki ngā āhuatanga, tae atu ki te pH. Ka whakarerekē te whakawāikawatanga o tētahi tauira i taua tohanga; kāore e pupuri i te tohanga taketake hei mātakitaki ā muri ake.

Ka kapi i a EPA 376.2 ngā sulfide tapeke me ngā sulfide rewa i ngā tauira wai me ngā tauira para kua tohua, engari kāore e kapi ngā sulfide kāore e rewa i te waikawa. Nō reira, kaua e pānui i te kupu “tapeke” i tētahi pūrongo e whakamahi ana i tēnei tikanga hei tohu i ngā pūhui katoa kei roto i te pounamu e whai pūngāwhā ana. He matū tātari kē te sulfate, ā, tērā pea ka mahue tētahi sulfide konganuku kāore e rewa i te waikawa.

I mua i te whakataurite i ngā hua mai i ngā taiwhanga e rua, pātaihia he aha te hautanga i whakahokia mai e ia tukanga. Tirohia hoki te pūtake pūrongo: he rerekē ngā tikanga papatipu o te mg/L hei pūngāwhā me te mg/L hei H₂S. Ehara te tau ōrite i te whakaaetanga o ngā hua mēnā kāore e ōrite ngā waeine, te whakaritenga, me te whakamāramatanga o te matū tātari.

He reremahi e tiaki ana i te inenga

Whakamahia te raupapa e whai ake nei ina arotake koe i tētahi reremahi taiwhanga kua marohitia. E whakaatu ana te whakaahua uhi i te tauhohenga me te pānuitanga whatu; e tautuhi ana tēnei ripanga i ngā whakatau ka mahia i mua i aua mahi.

E whakahau ana te whakarāpopototanga NEMI o Standard Methods 4500-S²⁻ D kia iti rawa te whakapā ki te hau, ā, kia tātarihia tonutia, kia tiakina rānei mā te zinc acetate kua tohua. Ka whakamahi hoki tana tukanga tiaki sulfide tapeke i ngā āhuatanga kawakore me tētahi pounamu kua whakakī katoatia. Nō te tikanga whakahaere tauira ēnei whakaritenga, ehara i te mea he mahi whakapai taiwhanga noa iho.

Ka whakaatu hē pea ngā whakapōrearea i te iti o te sulfide i tētahi tauira

Ka tautuhi taua whakarāpopototanga o Standard Methods i ngā matū whakaheke e pēhi ana i te hanganga tae kikorangi, ngā konganuku e hanga ana i ngā sulfide kore-rewa he iti te whakahokinga mai, me te ferrocyanide e whakaputa tae kikorangi ana anō. Ka ārai hoki pea ngā kukūtanga sulfide tino tiketike i te tauhohenga.

Nā reira, he maha ngā whakamārama mō tētahi ipuipu he kōmā tōna tae: he iti te sulfide, he ngaronga i mua i te tātari, he whakahokinga kāore i oti, he pēhitanga rānei o te whanaketanga tae. Kei roto pea i tētahi ipuipu pōuri he tae whakapōrearea. Me whakamahi mō te tae me te pōrehurehu te whakatikanga papamuri kua tohua e te tikanga; kāore pea e rawaka te tango noa i te pānuitanga o tētahi tauira wai pātea kua kōwhiria matapōkeretia.

He arowhai whaihua te tāpiri i tētahi rahinga sulfide e mōhiotia ana ki tētahi tauira e whakaata tika ana i tōna pūtakenga, kātahi ka kawe mā te whakaritenga e hāngai ana. Ki te kore e whakahokia mai te pikinga e tūmanakohia ana, me whakatewhatewha te taiao matū o te tauira, te reremahi rānei. E whakaatu ana ngā whakaritenga whakahaere kounga i EPA 9030B he aha ka kawea ai tētahi tauira kua tāpirihia he rahinga matū e mōhiotia ana mā te tikanga katoa, i te taha o ngā tauira pātea me ngā paerewa arowhai. Kāore tētahi tāpiritanga i mahia i mua tonu i te pānuitanga e taea te aromatawai i ngā ngaronga o mua.

He tauira nō te papa mahi: ka whakararu te wai wera i tētahi kawa pai te whakatakoto

I whakataurite te rangahau USGS ki Yellowstone i pūrongotia i Open-File Report 2010-1192 i ngā tukanga kikorangi metilīni e rua ki tētahi tikanga kawehiko tīpako-katote, mā ngā tauira wai ngāwhā kua tiakina.

He teitei ake ngā hua kawehiko i ngā wā katoa. I tautuhi ngā kairangahau i te whakahāoratanga me te putanga o te H₂S hei haurehu hei raruraru mō ngā tauira wera. Nā te whakaranu i ngā tauhohenga tae i mua i te tāpiri i te tauira i paku teitei ake ai ngā hua ine tae, engari i puta mai tētahi atu raruraru: i tere kino haere te tauhohenga kua ranua, nā reira i noho ai te wā whakahaere hei pūtake mō te rangirua o te inenga. I roto hoki i ngā tauira e whitu he thiosulfate, i ngā kukūtanga i honoa e ngā kaituhi ki te tūponotanga o te whakatau kukūtanga iti rawa mā te ine tae.

Mō ā rātou wai ngāwhā, i pai ake ki ngā kaituhi te whakapūmau tonu ki te matū ārai-hāoratanga i raro i ngā āhuatanga kawakore, ka whai ake ko te ine kawehiko. He kitenga motuhake tēnei mō te kōwhiri tikanga mō te wai wera, ehara i te taunakitanga he pai ake ia inenga kawehiko i ia whakamātautau ine tae.

Kōwhiria te tikanga kia hāngai ki te pātai

He nui te hiranga o tēnei rerekētanga i ngā tauira koiora. I te rangahau taiwhanga me te wē toto kiore a Shen me ōna hoa i te tau 2011, i herea ngā inenga kikorangi metilīni e te tae papamuri, te tairongo, me te pūngāwhā ka tukuna e te waikawa i te wā whakaritenga. Nā tā rātou tikanga monobromobimane/HPLC i wehe tētahi pārōnaki sulfide, ā, i kite i ngā kukūtanga iti ake i raro i ngā āhuatanga i whakamātauria. He mahi whakamana tikanga tātari tēnei, ehara i te paepae tātaritanga haumanu, i te taunakitanga rānei mō tētahi pānga maimoatanga.

Te whakatika ā-paerewa me ngā whakamātautau he rite ō rātou ingoa

Whakatikahia ā-paerewa ki ngā paerewa sulfide kua tautuhia e te tukanga, mā te whakamahi i ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga me ngā āhuatanga whatu e ōrite ana ki ērā o ngā tauira. Arotakehia ngā hua o te tauira pātea me ngā paerewa arowhai i mua i te huri i te ngongonga tauira hei kukūtanga. Ka whakapūmau tētahi ānau whakatika ā-paerewa mā i tētahi hononga mō aua paerewa; mā te whakahokinga mai i te tauira e whakapūmau mēnā ka mau tonu taua hononga i roto i te taiao matū o te tauira.

Hei whakamutunga, he rerekē te whakamahinga o te kikorangi metilīni i te whakamātautau MBAS mō ngā matū hohe-mata katote tōraro. I EPA 425.1, ka hono te waikano kua tīariari ki ngā matū hohe-mata, ā, ka tangohia ki tētahi wāhanga pararopi. Ko te ine tae sulfide kē ka hanga i te waikano. Kāore tētahi o ēnei tukanga tātari i te tohutohu whakamaimoa wai. Tautuhia te matū tātari me te tauhohenga i mua i te kōwhiri i te tauhohenga, i te whakamārama rānei i te tae kikorangi.