Tuhinga
Te hototahi o te puru metilini ki ngā tātari, ngā tipu, ngā kōuraura me ngā tāke moana
E rua ngā pātai motuhake ka ara ake mō tētahi ika tetra e māuiui ana. Ko tētahi, mēnā e hāngai ana te puru metilini ki te raruraru. Ko tērā atu, mēnā ka taea rawa e te tāke te whakamahi i te puru metilini. Ko te whakapoauau i aua pātai e rua te take o te nuinga o ngā raruraru hototahi.
E rua ngā wāhanga o te maimoatanga: ko te matū me te pūnaha ka uru atu ai taua matū. He pūnaha rerekē te ipu whakaora tahanga me te tāke hapori whai tipu kua tau pai, ahakoa he ōrite ngā momo ika kei roto. Kāore e taea te whakawhiti noa i tētahi tohutohu mō tētahi pūnaha ki tērā atu. Ki tēnei aratohu, he āhuatanga nō te pūnaha te hototahi. Ka whakamahia te tapanga o tētahi hua hei tohutoro, ā, ka tohua ngā wāhi e iti ana ngā taunakitanga.
He aha tā te tapanga tohutoro
E whakaahua ana ngā mōhiohio hua a Kordon mō te puru metilini i tētahi wairewa ā-wai 2.303% mō ngā ika whakapaipai. Ko ngā whakamahinga kua kīia e pā ana ki ngā hua ika, ngā raruraru harore i te mata, ētahi protozoa o waho, me te āwhina i ngā take paihana nitrite, cyanide rānei kua mōhiotia. Kāore ngā mate huakita, ngā noke fluke, te Oodinium me ngā mate harore kua tino kaha i roto i taua rārangi.
Kei aua tohutohu anō ngā whakatūpato mō te hototahi. E ai ki a Kordon, kaua te hua e whakamahia ki ngā pūnaha e whakawhirinaki ana ki te tātari koiora, tērā pea ka whakararu i te tipu noa o ngā tipu, ka tangohia e te waro whakahohe, ā, ka ngongoa e te toka kōputaputa, te wheo me te rākau. Me whakahaere te maimoatanga i roto i ngā ipu tahanga, tērā pea ka mau tonu te tae ki te silicone, ā, hei whakapai i muri iho, me whakawhiti te wai me te tāpiri waro hou.
Kua whakautua kētia e aua kōrero ngā pātai rapu e rua e kitea nuitia ana. Ki te pātai koe he pēhea te pānga o te puru metilini ki te tātari koiora, ko te whakautu a te kaihanga, me pupuri kia tawhiti i taua tātari. Ki te pātai koe mēnā ka taea te whakamahi i te puru metilini ki tētahi tāke whai tipu, ko te whakautu, e tūmanakohia ana ka whakararu i te tipu. Ko ngā kōrero e whai ake nei he whakamārama i te take, me ngā wāhi me tūpato nā te kore raraunga.
Me matua whai whakaaro ki te tātaritanga mate me te kounga wai i mua i tēnei arowhai, e whakaahuatia ana i te puru metilini mō ngā ika tāke. Ka kōrerotia ngā hapa kukū e whakararu ake ana i te hototahi i te tohutoro mō te tika o te ine horopeta, ā, kei te aratohu maimoatanga mō ngā whare pao ngā take mō te wehewehe e hāngai pū ana ki ngā hua ika.
Ripanga hototahi
He whakatau te kupu «Kāore e mōhiotia» i raro nei, ehara i te wāhi kua mahue i te ripanga. Ko tōna tikanga, kāore he whakamātautau whakahaere mō ngā tāke ika e tautoko ana i te pānga atu, nō reira ko te wehewehe te kōwhiringa matua.
| Wāhanga o te pūnaha | Whakatau | Pūtake me te whakahaere |
|---|---|---|
| Tātari koiora kua tau pai | Kaua e whakamahia ki te tāke whakaaturanga | Ka aukati i te hāoratanga hauota. I tuhia e tētahi rangahau wai māori he 16 rā kāore he hāoratanga hauota i muri i te pānga kotahi o te 5 mg/L. Me maimoa wehe; whakamātauria te haukini me te nitrite i ngā pūnaha katoa kua pāngia kia hoki rā anō ki te āhua noa. |
| Ngā tipu ora | Kaua e whakamahia ki te tāke whakaaturanga | E whakatūpato ana a Kordon mō te whakararuraru i te tipu. E whakaatu ana ngā raraunga mō te tipu duckweed i te hekenga o te tipu i te 50 mg/L, he tino teitei ake i te kukū maimoatanga. Kāore he raraunga whakahaere mō Anubias, Cryptocoryne, te rarauhe Java rānei i te 1 ki te 3 mg/L. Ehara te korenga o ngā raraunga mō tētahi momo i te tohu haumaru. |
| Ngā kōuraura, Neocaridina me Caridina | Kāore e mōhiotia, me whakaaro he tairongo | Kāore he raraunga horopeta whakahaere mō ngā kōuraura whakapaipai. He taupatupatu ngā raraunga mō ngā kararehe anga mārō whai pānga, mai i te kino ki Daphnia i ngā taumata microgram, ki te manawanui o ngā kōuraura penaeid i ngā taumata tino teitei ake. Kaua ngā kōuraura e tukua ki te wai maimoatanga. |
| Ngā ngata | Kāore e mōhiotia, me whakaaro he tairongo | Kāore he raraunga whai take mō ngā horopeta maimoatanga mō ngā ngata tāke ika noa. Kaua e whakapae he haumaru nā runga i ngā horopeta mō te ika. |
| Ngā kōura me ētahi atu kararehe anga mārō | Kāore e mōhiotia, me whakaaro he tairongo | He tino rerekē te tairongo i waenga i ngā rōpū whakarōpūtanga, nō reira kāore e tika te whakawhiti whakatau mai i tētahi rōpū ki tētahi atu. Me wehe. |
| Ētahi atu hātaretare | Kāore e mōhiotia, me whakaaro he tairongo | Ehara te kōrero «te puru metilini me ngā hātaretare» i te kerēme kotahi e hāngai ana ki te katoa. Ko te wehewehe te kōwhiringa matua. |
| Ngā ika kore unahi, ngā loach, me te maha o ngā ika ngutu-pāhau | Kia tūpato, aromatawaihia takitahitia | Kāore i te pai te mōhiotia o ngā paepae mō te waikano parakore. E ai ki ngā arotake, he iti ake tōna paitini i tō te malachite green, engari e tuhia ana ngā matenga o ētahi momo; ka whakaranua te waikano ki te tote i ngā whakamātautau ika ngutu-pāhau e wātea ana. Rapua he tohutohu rata kararehe e hāngai pū ana ki te momo. |
| Ngā ika wai tai, tāke taratahi tahanga | Kei te tapanga ngā ika moana, mō te taratahi anake | Whakamahia he ipu whakaora mō ngā ika anake, me te whakauru hau me te aroturuki. Ehara tēnei i te tohu he haumaru mō te pūnaha pūkawa. |
| Tāke whakaaturanga pūkawa, ngā wheo, ngā toka ora | Kaua e whakamahia | Ko te toka ora tonu te tātari koiora i te nuinga o te wā, e ai ki a Kordon ka ngongoa te waikano e te wheo me te toka kōputaputa, ā, kua whakaaturia te whakaraeraetanga o te hāoratanga hauota i te wai moana. Kāore tētahi whakamātautau wheo ngohengohe i te āhua kotahi hautekau o te kukū maimoatanga e whakaū ana i te haumaru. |
| Te waro, ngā rauemi tātari kōputaputa, te silicone | Tangohia, whakaae rānei ki te ngaronga | Ka tangohia e te waro te waikano i te wā maimoatanga, ā, koia te taputapu kua tohua mō te whakapai i muri iho. Ka ngongoa e ngā rauemi tātari kōputaputa; tērā pea ka mau te tae ki te silicone. |
| Pūwhakawehe pūmua | Kāore e mōhiotia | Kāore he raraunga pono mō te pūwhakawehe pūmua me te waikano parakore. Kei roto i ngā hua whakaranu e whakahau ana kia whakamutua te whakawehe pūmua ētahi atu matū, nō reira kāore aua hua e whakaū i tētahi mea mō te puru metilini anake. |
Ka whakahiatotia ēnei mea kāore e mōhiotia ana, me ētahi atu taipitopito, i tētahi tohutoro haumaru mō ngā momo tairongo me ngā hātaretare.
He aha te tātari koiora te mea tino nui
Ka tukatukahia te haukini me te nitrite e ngā moroiti hāora hauota, i te wā e whakaputa para tonu ana ngā ika. Nō reira, ka pehia aua moroiti, ka puta he ohotata tuarua i roto i te ohotata tuatahi. Kei ngā tohutohu a UF/IFAS mō ngā matū i roto i ngā pūnaha hurihuri wai te puru metilini i te rārangi o ngā matū aukati tātari koiora. E taunaki ana aua tohutohu kia maimoatia ngā ika ki ngā tāke kua momotuhia i te pūnaha, me te whakawhiti i tētahi wāhanga nui o te wai i mua i te hono anō.
He rerekē te tairongo i waenga i ngā hapori moroiti. I kitea i ngā rangahau taiwhanga ka aukatia tētahi moroiti hāora haukini o te moana i te 10 wāhanga i ia piriona, engari me 10 wāhanga i ia miriona mō tētahi atu. I mate ētahi pūtau, kāore i pēhia mō te wā poto noa iho. I kitea hoki i ngā rangahau moana ka haere tonu te ngoikore o te hāoratanga haukini i muri i te whakakapinga o te wai maimoatanga.
Kāore he wā whakaora whānui mō te tātari koiora i muri i te puru metilini. Ko te tatauranga 16 rā he hua nō tētahi whakamātautau wai māori i tētahi pānga kotahi, ehara i te kupu whakaari, ā, kaua rawa e whakahua hei wā paerewa. Me whakaaro kua ngoikore te tātari kua pāngia kia whakaū rā anō ngā whakamātautau i te rerekētanga: tirohia te haukini me te nitrite ia rā, puritia te hāora ki te taumata tiketike, ā, kaua e whakamahi i te memehatanga o te tae puru hei taunakitanga. Ka tangohia te tae e te waro me ngā whakawhitinga wai; mā te whakamātautau anake e whakaatu te whakaoranga o ngā moroiti. Ka whakatakotoria e te aratohu hauora ika a UF/IFAS te whakamātautau wai hei mahi tuatahi ina āhua māuiui ngā ika, ā, e kī ana āna tohutohu mō te haukini, kāore he tae, kāore he haunga o te haukini kino.
Ngā tipu, ngā kōuraura, ngā ngata me ngā ika kore unahi
Mō ngā tāke whai tipu, ko te whakatūpato a te kaihanga te taunakitanga kaha rawa e hāngai tika ana. E whakaatu ana te hua mō te duckweed he whaitake te tikanga o taua pānga, engari kāore e whakarite i tētahi paepae mō ngā momo tipu tāke ika i te kukū maimoatanga. Whakahaerehia te maimoatanga i waho i te tāke whakaaturanga whai tipu.
Mō ngā kōuraura me ngā ngata, kāore he horopeta haumaru hei whakahua. Ko te whakautu ki ngā pātai «he haumaru rānei te puru metilini mō ngā kōuraura» me «he haumaru rānei te puru metilini mō ngā ngata», kāore e mōhiotia. I te mahi tūturu, ko te tikanga me pupuri kia kore ai e pā ki te waikano. Kaua e whakamahi anō i te wai maimoatanga mō ngā whakawhitinga wai i wāhi kē, ā, me wehe ngā kupenga me ngā ngongo momi mō te maimoatanga.
Me aromatawai takitahi ngā ika kore unahi. Kei te roanga o te pānga, me te kukū hoki, te manawanui: i kitea he rerekētanga o te tipu me ngā mahi ā-tinana i ngā ika kōura i puritia ki te 2 mg/L mō te 21 rā. He tino roa ake tēnei i te huringa maimoatanga 3 ki te 5 rā, engari he taunakitanga kāore ngā raraunga mō te maimoatanga poto e kapi ana i ngā pānga roa. Kaua rawa e whakamahi i te horopeta mō tētahi ika whai unahi mō tētahi loach, ika ngutu-pāhau kore unahi rānei. Kaua hoki e whakakotahi i te tote me te waikano me te kore tohutohu, nā te mea kāore ngā whakamātautau whakaranu e tautuhi motuhake i te paepae mō te waikano.
He take motuhake ngā pūnaha moana
Ko te kōrero «te puru metilini mō ngā ika wai tai» e whakaahua ana i te taratahi, ehara i te tiaki pūkawa. He rōrahi kua inea tō te ipu tahanga mō ngā ika anake, he whakauru hau, ā, kāore he hanganga pūkawa. Kei roto i te tāke whakaaturanga pūkawa ngā wheo, ngā mollusca, ngā kararehe anga mārō, ngā toka ora e mahi ana hei tātari, me tētahi pūwhakawehe pūmua kāore anō kia mōhiotia tōna pāhekoheko ki te waikano. Kāore e taea te whakawhiti noa i ngā wheako o te hapori wai māori, nā te mea he rerekē katoa ngā rauropi, te tātari me ngā mata e piri ai te matū.
Whakataratahitia ngā ika, ā, kaua e pā ki te pūkawa. Kaua rawa te wai maimoatanga e tukuna ki te taha o te tāke raro o te pūnaha whakaaturanga.
He whakaritenga hei karo i te nuinga o ngā raruraru
Whakamahia he ipu whakaora tahanga ina whai te tāke whakaaturanga i tētahi tātari kua tau pai, i ngā tipu, ngā kōuraura, ngā ngata, ngā toka ora, ngā wheo rānei. Ka kapi i tēnei te tata katoa o ngā tāke whakaaturanga. Tangohia te waro i te wā e pāngia ana e te maimoatanga, kia haere tonu te tātari ā-miihini me te whakauru hau i ngā wāhi e whakaaetia ana e te kawa, ā, inea te rōrahi tūturu o te wai maimoatanga ki ngā waeine e whakamahia ana e te tapanga. I muri i te huringa maimoatanga kua tohua, whakawhitihia te wai, whakaurua he waro hou, kātahi ka aroturuki wehe i te ika e maimoatia ana me te pūnaha matua.
I mua i te hoatutanga, tuhia te raruraru, te hua ake me tōna kukū, te rōrahi kua inea, te roanga me te mahere mātakitaki. Ki te tohu te ripanga i runga ake nei kāore e mōhiotia te hototahi mō tētahi kainoho o te tāke, he take ranea taua rārangi anake mō te whakamahi i tētahi ipu motuhake. Whakatauria te hototahi i mua i te purutanga o te wai.