Tuhinga
Ka takea mai rānei te matepukupuku i te methylene blue? He aha ngā kitenga o ngā rangahau paitini
Kua puta he tohu puku i te methylene blue i roto i ngā whakamātautau kararehe wā-roa, ā, kua puta hoki he hua pai i roto i ētahi whakamātautau taiwhanga mō te tūkinotanga ira. Me aro ki aua kitenga. Kāore ēnei e whakatau i te tūponotanga ka pā te matepukupuku ki tētahi tangata i muri i tētahi pānga motuhake.
I whakanohoia te methylene blue e te aromātai IARC i whakaputaina i 2016 ki te Rōpū 3, arā, kāore i taea te whakarōpū i tōna kaha ki te take matepukupuku i te tangata. Kāore he raraunga matepukupuku tangata i te rōpū mahi, ā, i whakatauria he whāiti noa ngā taunakitanga kararehe. Ehara te Rōpū 3 i te kī kua whakamātauhia he kore mōrea. Waihoki, ehara te kitenga i te kararehe i te tohu kua whakamātauhia ko ngā pānga katoa ki te tangata he take matepukupuku.
E toru ngā pātai me whakautu motuhake
Ko te kaha ki te take matepukupuku e pā ana ki te whanaketanga o ngā puku. Ka taea e tētahi rangahau kararehe wā-roa te kite i ngā tauira puku i muri i tētahi pānga kua tautuhia. Ko te paitini ira e pā ana ki te tūkinotanga o ngā rawa ira, ki ngā takahanga pūtau e hāngai ana rānei. He tohu whakatūpato te hua pai i tētahi whakamātautau panoni ira, engari kāore tērā e tatau tika ana i ngā matepukupuku i roto i te tangata. Ko te mōrea ki te tangata e pā ana ki te tūponotanga o te kino i raro i ngā āhuatanga pānga tūturu.
He rerekē ngā inenga e hiahiatia ana mō ēnei pātai. Kāore e taea te whakawhiti noa i waenga i te tatau i ngā huakita kua panoni ira, te tirotiro i ngā pūtau toto kiore, me te tautuhi puku i te tirohanga tūpāpaku. Waihoki, kāore tētahi whakamātautau maimoatanga e whakaatu ana ka whara tētahi matū i ngā pūtau matepukupuku e whakatau mēnā ka taea e te pānga auau te tīmata puku i roto i te kiko hauora. Ka kōrerohia motuhaketia ngā kerēme maimoatanga i te whārangi mō te methylene blue i roto i te rangahau matepukupuku.
Whakatauritenga rangahau: ngā pānga mauroa tūturu
I whakamahia e te whakamātautau matua te methylene blue trihydrate, i tukuna mā te methylcellulose wai 0.5% mā te whāngai ā-waha mā te ngongo, arā, he tukunga kua inea mā tētahi ngongo ki roto i te puku. I ia rōpū horopeta o te rangahau mauroa, e 50 ngā toa me te 50 ngā uwha o ia momo kararehe. I tukuna te matū e rima ngā rā ia wiki mō te rua tau, e ai ki te pūrongo rangahau a Auerbach me ōna hoa.
Ka mau tonu i te ripanga ngā whakatau a NTP mō ia momo kararehe. Ko ngā rahinga he mirikarama o te matū i whakamātauria mō ia manokaramu o te taumaha tinana o te kararehe i ngā rā tuku horopeta, ehara i te tūtohutanga mō te tangata. I whiwhi ngā kararehe horopeta-kore i te waka kawe.
| Tauira | Ngā rōpū horopeta, mg/kg | Ara me te roanga | Whakatau NTP me te kitenga hāngai |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kiore toa F344/N | 0, 5, 25, 50 | Whāngai ā-waha mā te ngongo; e rima ngā rā/wiki; rua tau | Ētahi taunakitanga: i piki ngā adenoma pūtau-motu o te repe taiaki huka me te huinga adenoma/carcinoma. |
| Kiore uwha F344/N | 0, 5, 25, 50 | Hōtaka ōrite | Kāore he taunakitanga o te ngohe take matepukupuku i raro i ēnei āhuatanga. |
| Kiore toa B6C3F1 | 0, 2.5, 12.5, 25 | Whāngai ā-waha mā te ngongo; e rima ngā rā/wiki; rua tau | Ētahi taunakitanga: i piki te carcinoma o te whēkau iti me te huinga adenoma/carcinoma. Tērā pea i whai pānga hoki te lymphoma kino. |
| Kiore uwha B6C3F1 | 0, 2.5, 12.5, 25 | Hōtaka ōrite | Taunakitanga rangirua: he pikinga iti i te lymphoma kino. |
Ko te “Ētahi taunakitanga” he kāwai NTP mō tētahi kitenga whakamātautau pai engari he iti ake te kaha i te “taunakitanga mārama.” Ko te “Rangirua” e whakaahua ana i tētahi kitenga kāore i tino tau. Ko ēnei kāwai e whakaatu ana i te kaha o ngā taunakitanga, ehara i te ōrau mōrea, i tētahi whakarōpūtanga rānei o te kaha o tētahi matū ki te take matepukupuku.
Kāore te hua o ngā kiore toa i piki taurite i ia horopeta. I kitea te adenoma, te carcinoma rānei o ngā pūtau-motu o te repe taiaki huka i te 4/50 o ngā kararehe whakahaere, ā, i te 9/50, 14/50 me te 8/50 o ngā kararehe i ngā horopeta e piki haere ana. E ai ki te pepa i whakaputaina, ko te horopeta waenga anake i whai hiranga tauanga. Nā reira kāore e tika te kōrero he pikinga rārangi-tika noa iho; engari kāore hoki e whakamātau ana i tiaki te horopeta teitei rawa. He puku mārire te adenoma, engari he puku kino te carcinoma. Kaua e whakaahua i tētahi putanga huinga me te mea nei he matepukupuku ngā puku katoa i tatauria.
He aha i āhua taupatupatu ai ngā whakarāpopototanga rerekē
E whakaatu ana te mōhiohio whakahau PROVAYBLUE o nāianei i ngā kitenga ki te repe taiaki huka o ngā kiore toa, engari e kī ana kāore he kitenga puku hou e pā ana ki te rongoā i roto i ngā kiore. E kī ana te pepa rangahau kāore ngā pikinga puku hou i ngā kiore i whai hiranga tauanga, ahakoa i kitea ētahi ia pai. Heoi anō, i whakatauria tonutia e NTP ngā kāwai kiore e whakaaturia ana i runga ake nei.
Ka whakamārama te tātari rangahau kararehe a IARC i tētahi rerekētanga tauanga nui: i whai hiranga ngā ia horopeta mō ngā kitenga whēkau o ngā kiore toa, engari kāore ngā rōpū horopeta takitahi i whai hiranga i ngā whakatauritenga takirua ki ngā whakahaere. He rerekē te whakamātau i tētahi tauira whānui puta noa i ngā horopeta i te whakamātau takitahi i ia rōpū. Me pupuri ngā kaipānui i te puna me āna kupu ake, kaua e kōpeke i ēnei kitenga katoa ki te “i pā te matepukupuku ki ngā kiore” rānei, ki te “he kino-kore te hua o te rangahau kiore” rānei. Kāore tētahi o ēnei e whakarato i tētahi reiti matepukupuku tangata kua inea.
Whakatauritenga rangahau: ngā putanga tūkinotanga ira
E whakaahua ana te wāhanga paitini ira o NTP Technical Report 540 i tētahi huinga whakamātautau rerekē. Ko S9 he ranunga taiwhanga kei roto he whākōkī ate hei whakatauira i te whakahohe pūkoro matū. Kāore tōna noho e huri i tētahi whakamātautau pūtau hei rangahau pānga ki te tinana katoa.
| Pūnaha whakamātautau | Ngā āhuatanga pānga tūturu | Putanga i inea me te hua |
|---|---|---|
| Ngā whakamātautau panoni ira huakita, puranga tuarua i whakamātauria | Salmonella: 0.25–150 µg/plate; E. coli: 0.25–1,500 µg/plate; me te kore hoki o te S9 ate-kiore | I piki ngā panoni ira i roto i ngā momo i whakamātauria. |
| Ngā pūtau ovary hamster Hainamana i whakatipuria | I uru ki te whakamātautau whakawhitinga chromatid-tuahine te 0.17–2.5 µg/mL me te kore S9, tae atu ki te 5 µg/mL me te S9; i whakamahia te 4.7–22 µg/mL mō te whakamātautau kōpiko chromosome | He hua pai mō te whakawhitinga me ngā kōpiko chromosome. |
| Kiore toa, whakamātautau whakapeka | Kotahi te werohanga ki roto i te kōhao puku: 25, 50, 150 mg/kg rānei; ngā tauira i te 48 hāora | Kāore i piki ngā erythrocyte whai micronucleus i te hinu wheua, i te toto rānei. |
| Kiore toa me ngā kiore uwha, whakamātautau tukurua | Whāngai ā-waha mā te ngongo: 25, 50, 100, 200 mg/kg rānei; e rima ngā rā/wiki mō te toru marama | Kāore i piki ngā erythrocyte whai micronucleus o te toto ā-taha. |
Ko te micronucleus he tinana karihi iti anō ka tohu pea i te whati chromosome, i te ngaronga chromosome rānei i te wā wehenga pūtau. Ka whakautu tētahi whakamātautau pūtau toto kino i taua pātai motuhake mō aua pūtau i tangohia hei tauira. Kāore e taea e tērā te whakakore i ngā momo tūkinotanga DNA katoa i roto i ngā whēkau katoa. Waihoki, kāore tētahi whakamātautau pūtau whakatipu pai e whakaatu he aha te kukū i tae atu ki ngā kiko o tētahi tangata.
Ka tuhi hoki te mōhiohio whakahau i tēnei tauira whānui: he pai ngā whakamātautau huakita me ngā pūtau whakatipu, he kino ngā whakamātautau micronucleus kiore. Mā te kī noa he “genotoxic” te methylene blue, he “non-genotoxic” rānei, ka ngaro ngā mōhiohio e whai take ana ki te whakamāramatanga.
He aha te tikanga o tēnei mō tētahi pānga ki te tangata
Kāore ngā rangahau e whakarato i tētahi paepae horopeta ā-rā kua whakamana hei haumaru mō te matepukupuku ki te tangata. Mā te whakawehe noa i tētahi horopeta kiore ki tētahi tauwehenga taumaha tinana e kore e whakatau i ngā rerekētanga o te ngongo, te pākia, te ara whakauru, te auau pānga, te roanga rānei puta noa i te oranga. Ka puta noa he rahinga kua hurihia, ehara i te taunakitanga o te haumaru.
He rerekē ngā pātai a tētahi whakamātautau whāngai mā te ngongo mō te rua tau me tētahi maimoatanga poto mā te werohanga ki te ia toto i raro i te tirotiro hauora. Nā taua rerekētanga e kore ai e tika te whakawhānui tau tika; engari kāore e whakakore i ngā kitenga kararehe. Ka tīmata tētahi aromatawai whaihua ki te matū me te waihanga tika, te rahinga, te ara whakauru, te auau, te roanga me te take whakamahi. Kāore te kōrero “he paku pata” e whakaatu i te kukū, i te rōrahi kua inea rānei.
Mēnā i tukuna te methylene blue mō tētahi take hauora, kāore e taea e ngā kitenga puku anake te whakatau mēnā i nui ake ngā painga o taua maimoatanga i ōna mōrea. Mēnā e whakaarohia ana te whakamahi tukurua kāore e hiahiatia ana mō te hauora, kaua e whakaahua i tētahi mōrea matepukupuku wā-roa kāore anō kia inea hei kore rawa. Ka kōrerohia ngā take tata ake, tae atu ki ngā pāhekoheko rongoā me te whakaraerae ki te haemolysis, i te whārangi ngā pānga taha me ngā aukatinga.
Mō ētahi atu pānuitanga, whakamahia te whare pukapuka rangahau hei wehewehe i ngā rangahau tangata mai i ngā whakamātautau kararehe me ngā whakamātautau pūtau. Ko te pātai matua mō ia pepa, he aha te pānga i whakamātauria, ā, he aha rawa te putanga i inea.