Ukucwiliswa kwezinhlanzi nge-methylene blue kuqhathaniswa nokwelashwa ethangini

Umfuyi ufunda izeluleko ezimbili, zombili ezishiwo ngokuzethemba. Esinye sithi cwilisa inhlanzi imizuzwana. Esinye sithi faka umthamo ethangini izinsuku. Zombili zikhuluma nge-methylene blue, ngakho zibonakala ziyizilinganiso ezimbili zokwelashwa okufanayo. Akunjalo. Ziyizindlela ezimbili ezihlukene ezisebenzisa ikhemikhali efanayo.

Cabanga ngokwelashwa ngakunye njengenhlanganisela yezinga lokugxila nesikhathi esebenza enhlanzini nasendaweni yayo. Shintsha noma yikuphi kulezi zinto ezine, bese incazelo ishintsha. Ukucwiliswa ku-50 ppm imizuzwana engu-10 nokugcinwa ethangini ku-3 ppm izinsuku ezingu-5 akuhlukani ngamandla kuphela. Okokuqala kuchaya inhlanzi isikhashana, kungasithinti isihlungi, izitshalo nezilwane ezingenamgogodla. Okwesibili kuchaya lonke uhlelo izinsuku. Amaphutha amaningi okulinganisa umthamo avela endleleni engalungile yokucabanga: izinga lokugxila lodwa libonakala liwumthamo, kuyilapho isikhathi, umthamo wamanzi nohlelo lwebhayoloji kungasanakwa. Lesi sihloko sakha kabusha le ndlela yokucabanga sisebenzisa ilebula yomkhiqizo owodwa, bese sibonisa lapho uhlobo lwesilwane nesigaba sokuphila kudinga khona ukulungiswa okwengeziwe. Ukuze uthole isisekelo salokho okwenziwa udayi uma usuncibilikile, bheka ukuthi i-methylene blue isebenza kanjani emanzini e-aquarium.

Ilebula ichaza izindlela ezimbili zokwelashwa, hhayi eyodwa

Hlobanisa zonke izinombolo ezingezansi nomkhiqizo othile. Amazinga okugxila ngama-milligrams nge-liter awasho lutho uze wazi amandla esixazululo sokuqala, ngoba amathisipuni esixazululo esingu-2.303 percent namathisipuni omkhiqizo ohlanjululwe kakhulu othengiswa ezitolo aqukethe amanani ahlukene odayi. Ukuqhathanisa lapha kulandela imiyalelo esemthethweni ye-Kordon ye-methylene blue, echaza umkhiqizo njengesixazululo samanzi esingu-2.303 percent se-methylene blue chloride engenayo i-zinc. Uma ibhodlela lakho libonisa amandla ahlukile, bala kabusha kunokusebenzisa lezi zilinganiso zamathisipuni.

Imininingwane emithathu kuleli thebula ivimbela amaphutha avamile. Okokuqala, izinga lokugxila lokucwiliswa kwesikhashana licishe liphindwe izikhathi eziyishumi nesikhombisa kunelase-thangini, futhi kuhlala imizuzwana, hhayi imizuzu. Ukwelula ukucwiliswa ku-50 ppm kube yimizuzu engu-10 noma engu-30 kuwukuphambuka okukhulu kule lebula, hhayi ukuyelula ngokucophelela. Okwesibili, inqubo yezinsuku ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-5 ayihlanganisi umjikelezo wokushintsha amanzi nokufaka umthamo kabusha nsuku zonke. I-Kordon ithi kushintshwe amanzi athile noma wonke kanye ekugcineni, bese kufakwa ikhabhoni entsha. Okwesithathu, imiyalelo yamanje ye-Kordon inikeza amathisipuni nama-milliliters, hhayi amaconsi. Ukulotshwa kwemiyalelo kwezinye izitolo kwesinye isikhathi kulinganisa amaconsi angu-10 nge-gallon naleyo 3 ppm efanayo, kodwa ubukhulu beconsi buhluka ngokwedropha, ngakho linganisa ngesirinji noma ngesipuni esilinganisiwe.

Ilebula iphinde ibeke imikhawulo yokuthi ukwelashwa kwenzeka kuphi. I-Kordon ithi umkhiqizo akufanele usetshenziswe ezinhlelweni zokujikeleza kwamanzi ezincike ekuhlungeni kwebhayoloji, ngoba uphazamisa amabhaktheriya aguqula i-ammonia ibe yi-nitrite bese iba yi-nitrate. Iphinde ithi udayi ungaphazamisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, ukuthi amatshe, amakhorali nezinkuni kuyawumunca, ukuthi amathangi angenamihlobiso asebenza kangcono, nokuthi into yokuvala nge-silicone ingaba namabala angasuki. Le misho ikhomba esitsheni sokwelapha njengesimo okufanele sisetshenziswe ngokujwayelekile.

Ukucwiliswa noma ithangi: indlela ngayinye ifanele ini

Ukucwiliswa kuhlukanisa umuthi nohlelo lwethangi lokubonisa. Inhlanzi ihlangana nezinga lokugxila elibekiwe isikhathi esibekiwe bese ibuyela emanzini ahlanzekile. Amabhaktheriya esihlungi, izitshalo, ungqimba olusezansi nezilwane ezingenamgogodla akuhlangani nodayi. Izinqubo ezishicilelwe zokufuya izilwane zasemanzini zandisa uhla ngaphezu kokucwiliswa kwemizuzwana engu-10 kwe-Kordon: inqubo ye-FAO yokuhlukanisa amachwane ezinhlanzi isebenzisa 20 kuya ku-40 ppm imizuzu engu-3 kuya kwengu-5, bese zibuyiselwa ngokushesha emanzini ahlanzekile afakwe umoya, njengoba kuchazwe emihlahlandleleni yayo yokuhlukanisa endaweni yokuchamisela. Ukubuyekezwa kwe-FAO kokufuya izilwane zasemanzini kuqhathanisa ukucwiliswa isikhathi eside ku-1 kuya ku-2 ppm nokucwiliswa kwesikhashana ku-8 kuya ku-10 ppm ocwaningweni lwayo lwezindlela zokwelapha. Ucwaningo lweyunivesithi lokuthutha lwasebenzisa izinga eliphansi nakakhulu, 2 mg/L cishe amahora angu-11.5 emanzini afakwe umoya, ocwaningweni lwe-UF IFAS lokuthutha izinhlanzi zokuhlobisa. Lezi ziyizinhlanganisela ezihlukene zokugxila nesikhathi zezilwane nezinjongo ezihlukene, okuyisona sizathu sokuthi kungabi khona indlela eyodwa yokucwiliswa esebenza kuzo zonke izinhlobo.

Ukwelashwa ethangini, okuyizinga eliphansi lokugxila eligcinwa izinsuku emanzini inhlanzi ephila kuwo, kufanela izinkinga ezidinga ukuthintana okuqhubekayo: isikhunta emaqandeni phakathi nesikhathi sokuchamisela, noma ukwelashwa kwezinsuku eziningi okushiwo kulebula kwama-protozoa angaphandle. U-3 ppm wezinsuku ezingu-3 kuya kwezingu-5 we-Kordon uyisibonelo esicace kakhulu se-aquarium. Okubi ukuthi lonke uhlelo luyachayeka. USipos no-Urakawa bahlola i-methylene blue kumagciwane aguqula i-ammonia nge-oxidation, kusukela ezingxenyeni ezingu-10 esigidigidini kuya ku-10 ppm, bathola umehluko omkhulu ekuzweleni. Kwezinye izinto eziphilayo kwaba nokuvinjelwa okunamandla emazingeni aphansi kakhulu, futhi yaba nemiphumela ebulalayo kumaseli e-Nitrosomonas marina ahloliwe, njengoba kubikwe ocwaningweni lwabo lokuvinjelwa kwamagciwane aguqula i-ammonia. Isimangalo esingasekelwa ubufakazi sinomkhawulo omkhulu kunenkolelo evamile yabafuyi: i-methylene blue ingavimbela noma ibulale amagciwane aguqula i-ammonia ibe yi-nitrite bese iba yi-nitrate, iphazamise le nqubo. Kodwa ukuzwela kuyahluka phakathi kwezinto eziphilayo, ngakho awukho umthamo owodwa we-aquarium oqinisekisa ukuwohloka kohlelo noma ukuphepha.

Umthetho wokukhetha uvela kulezi zindlela ezimbili. Sebenzisa ukucwiliswa lapho injongo kuwukuthintana kafushane nenhlanzi eyodwa noma ezimbalwa, kuyilapho uhlelo lwethangi lokubonisa kufanele luhlale lungaphazamisekile: inhlanzi esanda kufika enamabala asolisayo, inhlanzi eyodwa enesilonda endaweni ethile, noma yiliphi ithangi elinama-shrimp, iminenke, izitshalo eziyigugu, noma isihlungi sebhayoloji esesivuthiwe ongeke ukwazi ukusiphazamisa. Sebenzisa ukugcinwa izinsuku eziningi esitsheni sokwelapha esingenamihlobiso lapho isizathu sokwelapha sidinga ukuthintana okuqhubekayo, njengeqoqo lamaqanda phakathi nesikhathi sobungozi besikhunta. Ukufaka umthamo ethangini lokubonisa elihlotshisiwe, elitshaliwe nelihluzwa ngokwebhayoloji kuyisinqumo sokugcina, hhayi esijwayelekile. Nalapho isitsha kufanele singabi nemihlobiso ngangokunokwenzeka, kukhishwe ikhabhoni futhi kuhlolwe i-ammonia ne-nitrite nsuku zonke.

Izinhlobo, amaqanda namachwane: kungani kungekho mthamo ofanele konke

Ukuphepha kwamaqanda namachwane okushiwo kulebula “uma kusetshenziswa ngokwemiyalelo” akusho ukuthi zonke izinhlobo zibekezelela yonke imithamo eshicilelwe. Ucwaningo lwamaqanda ezinhlanzi zokuhlobisa lwahlola 0.5 kuya ku-3 mg/L emaqandeni e-black tetra, e-angelfish nawe-zebrafish. Lwathola ukuthi 3 mg/L yathuthukisa ukuchamisela ku-angelfish ne-black tetra, kodwa hhayi ku-zebrafish. Ababhali baxwayisa ngokudlulisela imiphumela yohlobo olulodwa kolunye, njengoba kufakwe erekhodini le-FAO AGRIS locwaningo lokubulala amagciwane emaqandeni. Ucwaningo lwakamuva lwe-zebrafish lwathola ukuthi amazinga avamile okufuywa acishe abe ngu-0.5 kuya ku-1 mg/L ashintsha umzimba endleleni osebenzisa ngayo i-oxidation ezigabeni zokuqala zokukhula. Lwancoma ukucubungula kabusha ukuchayeka okuvamile lapho imiphumela yokusebenza komzimba ibalulekile, njengoba kuchazwe ocwaningweni lwango-2025 lokukhula kwe-zebrafish. Futhi ubude besikhathi bubalulekile ngokuzimela ohlotsheni: ama-goldfish agcinwe ku-2 mg/L ngokuqhubekayo izinsuku ezingu-21 abonisa ukwehla kwezilinganiso zegazi nezamasosha omzimba, kanye nokushintsha kokukhula. Lokhu kungukuchayeka okuqhubekayo okunganconywa yinoma iyiphi ilebula, njengoba kubikwe ocwaningweni lokuchayeka okuqhubekayo kwe-goldfish.

Izinkolelo ezimbili zabafuyi zidinga ukubhekwa ngendlela efanayo. Isixwayiso se-methylene blue ngezinhlanzi ezingenazikali sibonakala sidluliselwe sisuka ku-malachite green, yona enemibhalo yocwaningo eqinisekisa ukuzwela kwezinhlanzi ezingenazikali. Ukubuyekezwa kwakamuva kubheka i-methylene blue ngokwehlukana njengodayi onobuthi obuphansi ekubuyekezweni kwango-2025 kokwelapha izilokazane zangaphandle. Lokho akwenzi i-methylene blue ingabi yingozi kuyo yonke inhlanzi ezwelayo. Kusho ukuthi izinhlu zama-tetra, ama-gourami nezinhlanzi ezingenazikali ezingenayo imithombo kufanele zibhekwe njengezimpawu zokucophelela, hhayi izigaba eziqinisekisiwe. Ezilwaneni ezingenamgogodla, idatha eqinile yemithamo ephephile yama-shrimp neminenke yokuhlobisa incane, futhi okushiwo abakhiqizi kuyahluka: olunye uhlobo oluthengiswa ezitolo luxwayisa ukuthi umkhiqizo walo ungabulala ama-shrimp uma umthamo weqiwe, okuyinto engafani nokuthi konke ukuchayeka kokwelashwa kuyabulala. Amathebula amadala e-FAO abonisa ukubekezelela kwesikhashana ohlotsheni lwama-shrimp olwandle lwe-penaeid ku-75 ppm ihora elilodwa, ngokufa ku-100 ppm. Le datha ayidluliseleki ku-Neocaridina, Caridina noma eminenkeni ye-aquarium, njengoba iboniswe emathebuleni e-FAO obuthi kuma-shrimp. Kuze kube khona idatha eqondene nohlobo ngalunye, gcina izilwane ezingenamgogodla zingangeni emanzini elashwayo ngokusebenzisa isitsha esihlukile.

Isibali somthamo we-aquarium: isigaba sokuqala

Lesi sigaba siyisiqalo sesibali, esethulwa njengefomula enesibonelo esibaliwe ongayihlola ngesandla. Sibala umthamo wesixazululo sokuqala wamandla omkhiqizo owodwa kuphela. Asincomi izinga lokugxila. Khetha izinga lokugxila ngokwelebula yebhodlela oliphethe, eliqondene nohlobo lwakho nenjongo yakho, noma ngokweseluleko sikadokotela wezilwane.

Ifomula yesixazululo sokuqala esingu-2.303 percent esifana nese-Kordon, esiqukethe cishe 23.03 mg kadayi nge-mL:

stock mL = target mg/L x water liters / 23.03

Guqula ama-gallons kuqala. I-US gallon eyodwa ilingana no-3.785 liters. Linganisa amanzi akhona ngempela, ngemva kokususa indawo ethathwa ungqimba olusezansi, imihlobiso nesikhala somoya, hhayi ubukhulu bethangi obushiwo. Linganisa isixazululo sokuqala ngesirinji noma ngesipuni esilinganisiwe, ungalokothi usebenzise idropha engalinganisiwe.

Isibonelo sokuqala esibaliwe, ukugcinwa ethangini ngezinga elishiwo kulebula. Isitsha sokwelapha esingenamihlobiso esingu-10 gallons siqukethe cishe 9 gallons amanzi ngemva kokubala indawo ethathwa ezinye izinto, okuyi-34 liters cishe. Izinga eliqondiwe ngu-3 mg/L. Isixazululo sokuqala silingana no-3 x 34 / 23.03, cishe 4.4 mL, okungaphansi kancane kwethisipuni elilodwa lase-US elingu-4.93 mL. Ngakho isilinganiso selebula sethisipuni elilodwa ku-10 gallons sithatha ngokuthi umthamo obhaliwe ugcwele. Yehlisa umthamo ukuze ubale indawo ethathwa ezinye izinto.

Isibonelo sesibili esibaliwe, ukucwiliswa kwesikhashana ngezinga elishiwo kulebula. Amanzi okucwilisa angu-3 gallons alingana cishe no-11.4 liters. Izinga eliqondiwe ngu-50 mg/L. Isixazululo sokuqala silingana no-50 x 11.4 / 23.03, cishe 24.7 mL, okuyisilinganiso selebula samathisipuni angu-5. Lungisa lokhu esitsheni esingeyona insimbi, fanisa izinga lokushisa ne-pH nethangi inhlanzi ehlala kulo, faka umoya kunoma yikuphi ukucwiliswa okudlula isikhathi esifushane kakhulu, qapha inhlanzi ngokuqhubekayo, futhi uqede ukucwiliswa ngokushesha lapho kuvela uphawu lokuqala lokuhlupheka njengokugingqika noma ukuphefumula kanzima. Lo mthetho wokuqapha ulandela imihlahlandlela evamile yokucwiliswa esahlukweni sokuphathwa kwezinhlanzi ze-aquarium sencwadi yezokwelapha izilwane, ethi i-pH nezinga lokushisa kufanele kufane, inhlanzi ikhishwe ngokushesha uma ihlupheka, futhi kuqikelelwe ngokwengeziwe ngezinhlobo okungakaqinisekiswa kuzo ukucwiliswa.

Izixwayiso ezintathu zesibali kufanele zihambisane nalezi zibalo. Okokuqala, 1 ppm ilingana cishe no-1 mg/L emanzini anesixazululo esihlanjululwe kakhulu, ngakho i-ppm yelebula ne-mg/L yemibhalo yocwaningo zingasetshenziswa ngokushintshana lapha. Okwesibili, ungalokothi ulungise ukucwiliswa ngokushintsha isikhathi esikhundleni sokubala: ukuphinda kabili imizuzu ku-50 ppm akufani nokuhlukanisa izinga lokugxila libe uhhafu. Okwesithathu, bhala lokho okufakile ngempela: igama namandla omkhiqizo, umthamo wamanzi olinganisiwe, ama-milliliters esixazululo sokuqala, izikhathi zokuqala nezokuqeda. Ngaphandle kwalelo rekhodi, ukushintsha amanzi okulandelayo noma isinqumo sokuphinda kuba ukuqagela.

Ukwenza indlela ngayinye yokwelashwa kahle

Ngokucwiliswa, lungisa konke ngaphambi kokuba inhlanzi ishiye ithangi layo. Lungisa isitsha, fanisa izinga lokushisa ne-pH, nikeza umoya kunoma yini edlula imizuzwana, futhi ugcine isibali-sikhathi sibonakala. Gqoka amagilavu nokuvikela amehlo, ngoba udayi ushiya amabala esikhumbeni, ezingutsheni nasezindaweni zokusebenza. Izifinyezo ezijwayelekile zobungozi ziwubala njengento eyingozi uma igwinyiwe, engase icasule amehlo nesikhumba, njengoba kuhlanganiswe erekhodini le-PubChem lobungozi be-methylene blue. Sebenzisa inethi ethambile, dlulisa inhlanzi ngokushesha, qapha ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, bese uyibuyisela emanzini ayo lapho sekufike umzuzwana obekwe kulebula noma lapho kuvela uphawu lokuqala lwenkinga, kuye ngokuthi yikuphi okufika kuqala. Ungawasebenzisi kabusha amanzi okucwilisa phakathi kwamaqoqo.

Ngokugcinwa izinsuku eziningi, sebenzisa isitsha esingenamihlobiso esinesifudumezi, ukufakwa komoya ngobumnene nokuhlunga ngomshini, kodwa esingenayo ikhabhoni noma imihlobiso enezimbotshana. Faka umthamo kanye ngokwelebula, hlola i-ammonia ne-nitrite nsuku zonke, phakela kancane, futhi ushintshe amanzi ngokwemiphumela yokuhlola kunombala. Ekupheleni kokwelashwa, hlanza ngendlela eshiwo kulebula: shintsha amanzi athile noma wonke ngamanzi alungisiwe anezinga lokushisa elifanayo, bese ufaka ikhabhoni entsha ehlanziwe cishe amahora angu-24 kuya kwangu-48. Inqubo ephelele yokuhlanza, kuhlanganise ne-silicone enamabala nokuhlolwa kwesihlungi sebhayoloji, ichazwe ekususweni kodayi ngemva kokwelashwa nasekubuyiselweni kokusebenza kwesihlungi.

Phatha isixazululo esigxilile nokulahlwa kwaso ngokucophelela okufanayo nokwelashwa. I-Kordon iphawula ukuthi umkhiqizo wayo we-aquarium awufanele ukudliwa abantu futhi awuwona umuthi wezinhlanzi ezidliwayo ngokwemithetho yase-US. Gcina ibhodlela livaliwe futhi likude nezingane nezilwane ezifuywayo, gwema ukuchaphaza, futhi ungatheli isixazululo sokuqala esigxilile emiseleni yokukhipha amanzi noma emachibini.

Khetha ngokubuza ukuthi yiluphi uhlelo oluchayekayo nokuthi isikhathi esingakanani. Ukuthintana okufushane nenhlanzi kuphela kukhomba ekucwilisweni. Isizathu sokwelapha sezinsuku eziningi esishiwo kulebula sikhomba esitsheni sokwelapha esingenamihlobiso. Ithangi lokubonisa, elinamabhaktheriya, izitshalo nezilwane ezingenamgogodla, kufanele lihlangane nodayi kuphela lapho ingekho enye indlela yokwelapha ngokuhlukanisa. Lowo mehluko owodwa, izinga lokugxila kanye nesikhathi kanye nohlelo oluchayekayo, uthatha indawo yazo zonke izindlela ezibhekwa njengezingashintshana.