Imethylene blue neBartonella: iziphumo zaselabhoratri nemida yobungqina bezonyango

Isitya sokukhulisa ibhaktheriya nesigulana zabelana ngegama elithi usulelo, kodwa hayi ngentsingiselo efanayo. Esityeni, usulelo lubalwa ngenani lamathanga ebhaktheriya akwi-agar. Kwisigulana, lubandakanya iibhaktheriya ezingaphakathi kwiiseli nakwimithambo, amachiza ahamba egazini nakwizicubu, kunye namajoni omzimba enza inxalenye yomsebenzi. Xa ezi zinto zimbini zibhidaniswa, inani elimangalisayo laselabhoratri liqala ukubonakala njengonyango. Xa zigcinwa zahlukene, elo nani liba yile nto liyiyo: isizathu sokwenza uvavanyo olulandelayo.

Ukugcina loo mahluko yeyona njongo yolu hlolo lwemethylene blue neBartonella. Izifundo ezimbini zaselabhoratri ezivela kwiqela elinye lophando zavavanya imethylene blue kwiBartonella henselae ekwiimeko zokungakhuli. Zombini zachaza umsebenzi onamandla kwizitya zeglasi nezeplastiki. Akukho nasinye esavavanya umntu.

Isizathu sokuba abaphandi bavavanye isigaba sokungakhuli

Uninzi lovavanyo lwamachiza okubulala iibhaktheriya lusebenzisa iiseli ezikhulayo. Loo modeli iyayiphosa imeko enzima ngakumbi: iiseli eziyekileyo ukwahlukana nezinyamezela amachiza abulala ezinye iiseli zohlobo lwazo ezikhulayo.

IBartonella inokuhlala emzimbeni ixesha elide, kuquka nangaphakathi kwiiseli ezibomvu zegazi nakwiiseli ezigqume ngaphakathi kwimithambo. Ngoko iqela labuza ukuba ngawaphi amachiza avunyiweyo anokubulala iB. henselae emva kokuba ingene kwisigaba sokungakhuli. I-MIC ephantsi kwiiseli ezikhulayo ayizange ixele kwangaphambili ukubulawa kweeseli ezikwisigaba sokungakhuli. Irifampin yayine-MIC ephantsi kakhulu kodwa yayingazibulali kakuhle iiseli ezingakhuliyo, ngoxa iikhompawundi ezinamaxabiso aphezulu e-MIC zazizibulala kakuhle. Abafundi abafuna indlela ngokubanzi yokufunda olu hlobo lwephepha baya kuyifumana kwisikhokelo sokufunda uphando lwemethylene blue.

Uvavanyo lokuqala lokukhangela: uLi noogxa bakhe, 2019

Uvavanyo luka-2019 lokukhangela kwisigaba sokungakhuli olwapapashwa kwiAntibiotics lwasebenzisa uhlobo olunye, iB. henselae JK53, olwakhuliswa kwisondlo sokukhulisa sikaSchneider esine-10 percent yeserum yosana lwenkomo olungekazalwa, kwi-37 C ene-5 percent CO2. Izikhuliso zosuku olunye zaziquka ikakhulu iiseli ezisasazekileyo ezazisahlukanayo. Izikhuliso zeentsuku ezintlanu, ezazineeyunithi ezenza amathanga ezimalunga ne-10 ukuya kumandla e-8 kwi-mL nganye, zathathwa njengezikwisigaba sokungakhuli yaye zazinamaqela aqokeleleneyo abonakalayo.

Uvavanyo lwalusebenzisa iSYBR Green I kunye nepropidium iodide, lulungelelaniswe ngokwemixube yeeseli eziphilayo neeseli ezibulewe nge-isopropanol. Ngenxa yokuba imethylene blue inombala onamandla, iziphumo ezibonisa umsebenzi zaqinisekiswa ngemakroskopu kwaza kwabalwa amathanga kwi-agar yegazi, umlinganiselo wokugqibela ongqongqo ngakumbi.

Kumachiza avunyiweyo ayi-1,581 avavanywa kwi-50 micromolar, imethylene blue yashiya i-16 percent yeeseli ziphila ngokwesixhobo sokufunda iipleyiti, ne-25 percent ngokwemakroskopu. Idaptomycin yafumana i-21 percent, amachiza aliqela e-azole afumana i-22 ukuya kwi-27 percent, igentamicin i-32 percent, ierythromycin i-66 percent, iciprofloxacin i-74 percent. Ipyrvinium pamoate yabonakala inamandla ngakumbi kwisixhobo sokufunda kodwa ayikwazanga ukuvavanywa ngemakroskopu ngenxa yokukhupha kwayo ukukhanya.

KwiB. henselae ekhulayo, i-MIC yemethylene blue yayiyi-0.08 ukuya kwi-0.16 micrograms per mL. Kwiiseli ezingakhuliyo zeentsuku ezintlanu ezivezwe kwi-5 micrograms per mL, inani lamathanga lehla lada langabonakali nalinye emva kosuku olunye lokuvezwa kwichiza, lifana neziphumo zedaptomycin nepyrvinium pamoate kwimilinganiselo yoxinaniso ezavavanywa kuyo. Uvavanyo olwahlukileyo lokubulawa ngokuhamba kwexesha lwasebenzisa i-10 micrograms per mL. Le yimilinganiselo yokuvezwa yaselabhoratri, hayi iidosi, yaye iphepha liyichaza ngolo hlobo. Ixabiso elicatshuliweyo lelona nani liphezulu kwiplasma yomntu, elikufutshane ne-3.9 micrograms per mL, livela ephepheni kuphela njengomxholo wokuqonda. Isishwankathelo sokuhamba nokuguqulwa kwemethylene blue emzimbeni sichaza ukuba kutheni inani leplasma lingenakuthathwa njengenani lezicubu.

Iphepha licacisa imida emibini. Kwakungekho modeli ye-biofilm yaye kwakungekho vavanyo lwemixube yemethylene blue. Amaqela aqokeleleneyo eentsuku ezintlanu ayengamaqoqo kwizikhuliso ezingamanzi ezikwisigaba sokungakhuli, hayi uvavanyo lwe-biofilm oluqinisekisiweyo. Ababhali bacela ukuba kwenziwe uphando kwizilwanyana, uphando ngemixube, uphando nge-biofilm, novavanyo kwezinye iintlobo zeBartonella.

Imixube neeseli ezivela kwi-biofilm: uZheng noogxa bakhe, 2020

Uphononongo olulandelayo luka-2020 kwiBMC Microbiology lwagcina uhlobo olunye nesondlo sokukhulisa esifanayo kodwa lwasebenzisa izikhuliso zeentsuku ezintandathu ezikwisigaba sokungakhuli, lwaza longeza izinto ezimbini ezazingekho kwiphepha lokuqala: imixube yamachiza amabini nemodeli yeeseli ezivela kwi-biofilm.

Kumachiza ngamanye avavanywa onke kwi-5 micrograms per mL kangangeeyure ezingama-24, imethylene blue yashiya iiyunithi ezenza amathanga eziyi-3.2 umphinda-phinde nge-10 ukuya kumandla e-4 kwi-mL nganye, xa kuthelekiswa nesampulu yolawulo eyayikufutshane ne-2.8 umphinda-phinde nge-10 ukuya kumandla e-10. Iciprofloxacin, igentamicin, nenitrofurantoin zashiya amathanga ambalwa ngakumbi ngelo xesha linye. Oku kwahlukile kwisiphumo sika-2019, apho umlinganiselo ofanayo ochaziweyo ungazange ushiye amathanga abonakalayo emva kosuku olunye. Ubudala bezikhuliso, ukuxinana kwazo, nendlela ezaphathwa ngayo zazahlukile, ngoko ukubulala kwaphinda kwabonakala kodwa amandla ako ayengafani ncam. Olu tshintsho phakathi kweemvavanyo sesinye sezizathu zokuba uhlolo oluqhelekileyo lokhuseleko nokusebenzisana kwamachiza luwathathe amandla aboniswe elabhoratri njengahlukileyo kwimpembelelo yezonyango.

Uvavanyo lokukhangela imixube yeyona nxalenye icatshulwa kakhulu. Icandelo ngalinye laligcinwe kwi-5 micrograms per mL. Zombini iazithromycin kunye nemethylene blue nerifampin kunye nemethylene blue azizange zishiye amathanga abonakalayo esigaba sokungakhuli emva kweeyure ezingama-24; kwenzeka okufanayo kuyo yomibini imixube equka iciprofloxacin. Yayizezo zine kuphela phakathi kwemixube engama-25 eyavavanywayo. Akukho hlalutyo olusesikweni lwempembelelo eyomelezanayo olwenziwayo, ngoko igama elichanekileyo ngumxube osebenzayo phantsi kwezi meko, hayi impembelelo eyomelezanayo eqinisekisiweyo.

Uvavanyo lwe-biofilm lwavavanya iiseli ezafunyanwa kwi-biofilm eselula eyayiqhekeziwe, hayi ukungena kwichiza kwi-biofilm evuthiweyo nengonakaliswanga. Izikhuliso zakhuliswa iintsuku ezintlanu, zaxutywa ukuze zinciphe uxinaniso zaza zafakwa kwiipleyiti ezinamaqula ezinye iintsuku ezintlanu, zaqinisekiswa ngokudaywa ngecrystal violet, zaza zakrwelwa phambi kokuvezwa kumachiza. Kwi-5 micrograms per mL, imethylene blue yodwa yehlisa inani laya kwi-2.3 umphinda-phinde nge-10 ukuya kumandla e-2 ngosuku lwesi-6, yaza yaba phakathi kwamachiza ngamanye asebenza kakuhle kakhulu, kodwa inani alizange lifike kuziro. Yomibini imixube yemethylene blue yafikelela kuziro ngosuku lwesi-6, njengayo yomibini imixube yeciprofloxacin.

Ababhali bagxininisa imida efanayo naleyo inokuphawulwa ngumfundi onenyameko: i-biofilm eselula ekrweliweyo endaweni ye-biofilm endala nengonakaliswanga, umlinganiselo omnye woxinaniso olungele uvavanyo kuwo onke amachiza endaweni yokusebenzisa elona nqanaba liphezulu linokufikelelwa lichiza ngalinye kwiimeko zokwenene, imixube ekhethiweyo kuphela equka iazithromycin okanye irifampin, uhlobo olunye, kungekho zilwanyana, kungekho zigulana. Uphando lwamva ngemixube yamachiza amathathu lwacetyiswa, aluzange luchazwe njengolwenziweyo.

Ukuthelekiswa koyilo lwezifundo

Itheyibhile iveza eyona njongo yeli nqaku ngokufutshane. Yonke into esekhohlo kwekholamu yokugqibela luphando lokukhulisa ibhaktheriya. Akukho nto kulo naliphi na kula maphepha mabini ingena kwikholamu yokugqibela.

IBartonella ayiyoBorrelia

Omabini amaphepha akhankanya iBorrelia burgdorferi, ibhaktheriya emile ngokujijeka ebangela isifo seLyme, kuba uvavanyo lwedayi lwavela kuphando lwangaphambili lweBorrelia ekwisigaba sokungakhuli kwilabhoratri enye, apho imethylene blue nedaptomycin nazo zazibonise umsebenzi. Loo mbali inceda ekuqondeni umxholo kodwa ikwangumthombo oqhelekileyo weempazamo.

Akukho vavanyo kulo naliphi na iphepha leBartonella elivavanya iBorrelia ecaleni kweBartonella. Iintlobo zebhaktheriya ziyahluka, izondlo zokukhulisa ziyahluka, imilinganiselo yoxinaniso iyahluka, yaye impembelelo ekucingelwa ukuba imethylene blue inayo kwinwebu yeBartonella yachazwa njengentelekelelo efuna uphando olungakumbi. Iziphumo akufanele zidluliselwe phakathi kweentlobo ezahlukeneyo, yaye akukho nalinye kula maphepha lixhasa amabango abanzi ngezimfimfithi. Ngesi sizathu, uthelekiso lweeseli zeBorrelia neBartonella ezihlala ziphila ngaphandle kokukhula lugcina ezi ngqokelela zimbini zophando zahlukene.

Isizathu sokuba izikhuliso zingaguquleki zibe yinkqubo yonyango

Kuyaqondakala ukuba abantu banomdla wokukhangela inkqubo yonyango yeBartonella ngemethylene blue. La maphepha abonisa ukuba kutheni elo binzana lifanele lithathwe njengophawu lwesilumkiso kunokuba lithathwe njengoluhlu lokuthenga.

Okokuqala, i-5 micrograms per mL equleni lovavanyo ayingommiselo wechiza. Ayichazi ukufunxwa, ukusasazwa, ukubophelela kwiiproteni, ukungena ngaphakathi kwiiseli, okanye ukunyamezeleka. Ababhali bayikhetha njengomndilili oqikelelweyo wamanqanaba aphezulu amachiza okubulala iibhaktheriya, baza bathi uphando lwexesha elizayo lufanele lusebenzise ichiza ngalinye kwinqanaba lalo elinokufikelelwa kwiimeko zokwenene.

Okwesibini, amathanga anguziro athetha ukuba akukho mathanga abonakeleyo phantsi kwezo meko zokufakwa kwiipleyiti, hayi ukuba izicubu azinazo iibhaktheriya. Iiseli ezihlala ziphila ngaphandle kokukhula, iibhaktheriya ezingaphakathi kwiiseli, nemida yokuthatha iisampulu zonke azimelwa yipleyiti ye-agar.

Okwesithathu, imixube esusa zonke iibhaktheriya ezibonakalayo equleni lovavanyo inokungasebenzi okanye yenze umonakalo emzimbeni. Iazithromycin kunye nemethylene blue nerifampin kunye nemethylene blue yimixube yaselabhoratri ekwimilinganiselo yokuvezwa yaselabhoratri. Ngaphandle kwedatha yokuhamba nokuguqulwa kwamachiza emizimbeni yezilwanyana kunye nedatha yabantu evela kwizifundo ezilawulwayo, akukho dosi, akukho xesha lonyango, yaye akukho mlinganiselo wenzuzo xa ithelekiswa nomngcipheko. Nabani na oqwalasela iindlela anokuzikhetha ufanele axoxe ngazo nengcali yezonyango aze ahlole ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemethylene blue kufuna nini ukubekwa esweni ngugqirha, ngaphambi kokwenza nasiphi na isigqibo ngedatha yezitya zaselabhoratri.

Isigqibo esinomda esixhaswa ngala maphepha sesi: imethylene blue inomsebenzi onokuphinda uboniswe kwiB. henselae JK53 engakhuliyo ngaphandle komzimba, kuquka nakwimixube yamachiza amabini yaselabhoratri, yaye ezona ziphumo zinamandla zemixube neeseli ezivela kwi-biofilm zavela kwisifundo sika-2020. Yonke enye into, kuquka nokuba loo msebenzi ubalulekile na kwibartonellosis yabantu, ayikavavanywa.