Te puru metilīni hei tohu hāora-kore, hei tohu hāora hoki: he aha tā te panoni tae e whakaū ai

Ka hiritia e tētahi kaitoi taiwhanga he ipu hāora-kore, ka tirohia te tāhei tohu puru metilīni mā te taupoki, ā, ka kitea te mea e hiahia ana ia kia kitea. Kua huri te tāhei mai i te puru ki te mā. Ka tuhia e ia he hāora-kore te whakamātautau, kātahi ka haere tonu. E rua rā i muri mai, kāore he mea e tupu ana i tētahi pereti, engari e kitea ana ngā tohu o te pānga hāora ki tētahi ngongo hupa whakatipu kua hiritia, kei roto tonu i taua ipu. He pono tā te tāhei i tohu ai. He hē kē te pātai i tukuna e ia ki taua tāhei.

Ko te rangirua he rangirua ā-ariā. He ariā hāoratanga-whakahekenga te tohu hāora-kore puru metilīni, ehara i te ariā korenga iroriki, ehara hoki i te ariā whakamana i te pūnaha katoa. Kia mārama taua rerekētanga, ka noho te tāhei hei taputapu tika, pono hoki, he mahi whāiti tōna.

Te ariā: he takirua hāoratanga-whakahekenga ka taea te whakahoki

E rua ngā āhua o te puru metilīni kua memeha ki te wai. Ko te āhua kua hāoratia ko te katote tōrunga puru e mōhiotia whānuitia ana. Ko te āhua kua whakahekea, e kīia ana ko te puru leucometilīni, kāore ōna tae. I te pH e tata ana ki te kūpapa, ko te haurua tauhohenga kua whakangāwaritia, ko te katote tōrunga puru kotahi me te iraoho kotahi me ngā irahiko e rua, e hua ai he rāpoi ngota leuco kore tae kotahi. E tata ana te pūmanawa ōkawa ki te tōrunga 11 millivolts ina whakatauritea ki te kawehiko hauwai paerewa i te pH 7. Nā tēnei ka noho ki tētahi awhe ka taea e ngā pūnaha whakaheke maha te eke atu, ā, ka taea e te hāora te whakahoki whakamuri.

Me iti te pūmanawa hāoratanga-whakahekenga ā-rohe kia puta ai te whakahekenga. Kāore te tango hāora anake e tutuki ai tēnei i ngā wā katoa. I ngā rangahau tōmua mō te hāora-koretanga, i kitea ka mau tonu te tae o te puru metilīni i roto i te wai noa kāore he hāora, ki te kore he matū whakaheke. I kitea hoki ka tere te kore tae o ngā ranunga hupa whakatipu dextrose me te āhua 0.01 ōrau waikano i te 37 C, engari ka noho puru tonu taua ranunga mō te rā kotahi ina puritia ki te 4 C, e ai ki ngā whakamātautau mō te kiko hou me ngā āhuatanga whakatipu hāora-kore. Mā te pāmahana, te pH, te kūhuka, te ascorbate, te thioglycollate, me ngā mahi whakaheke a ngā moroiti e whakatau mēnā e wātea ana ngā irahiko.

Ko te hāora anake e hiahiatia ana mō te hāoratanga anō. Ina tae te hau ki te āhua leuco, ka hoki ki te puru. Ko tēnei huringa tonu e whakamahia ana e ngā tohu kua hoahoatia i ēnei rā: he waikano me tētahi matū whakaheke me tētahi anga whakapūmau, ka kore e whai tae ina iti te hāora, ā, ka puru anō ina pāngia e te hau. I whakaaturia tēnei i tētahi tohu hāora puru metilīni hanumi e hangaia ana ki te waikano, te matū whakaheke, te matū whakaiti mānukanuka mata, me te uku. I whakamahia e taua tauira he waikano 0.01 millimolar me te ascorbate, te kūhuka rānei, 2.0 millimolar i te pH 11. I kore tōna tae i te tata ki te 0.5 ōrau hāora ā-rōrahi, ā, i tōna rūma whakamātautau i taea te wehe i te hāora i raro i te 0.1 ōrau i tērā i runga i te 0.5 ōrau.

Nō reira, he māmā te mātāpono whakahaere. Ko te puru e tohu ana kua hāoratia te rohe tohu. Ko te korenga tae e tohu ana kua tae te rohe tohu ki ngā āhuatanga whakaheke, iti hoki te hāora. Ka taea te whakahoki i te panoni, he ā-rohe, he panoni matū hoki. Kāore taua panoni anake e whakaatu i tētahi mea mō ngā moroiti.

Te mahi a te tāhei tohu puru metilīni i roto i te ipu hāora-kore

He rohe tauhohenga iti te tāhei tohu puru metilīni mō te ipu hāora-kore, ka whakatakotoria ki te hau o roto i te ipu, ki te wāhi ka kitea me te kore e huaki i te ipu. He rerekē ngā momo arumoni: he tāhei pepa, he papa ka whakarewaina, ka whakamakūkūtia rānei i te wā whakarite, me ngā pepa hanumi hou ake. Me kotahi pata wai māturu hei whakahohe i te rohe tauhohenga o ētahi. Ko ētahi atu he taputapu maroke, me noho maroke tonu. Ko te pepa tohutohu mō taua hua ake te aratohu matua, nā te mea he wāhanga o te matū te whakamakūkū, te whakatakoto, me te wā pānui.

I te whakamahinga tūturu, e rua ngā putanga e whāia ana. Ko te puru e tohu ana kei te mau tonu te hāora, ngā āhuatanga kāore e rawaka ana te whakaheke rānei, i te tāhei. Ko te mā, ko te korenga tae rānei, e tohu ana kua whakatūria ngā āhuatanga hāoratanga-whakahekenga hāora-kore i te tāhei. Ka tāpirihia e ētahi pepa arumoni he kano whero ki te papamuri, nō reira he māwhero tō rātou tae mutunga kua whakahekea, kaua ko te mā. Me mōhio ki te tae mutunga e kīia ana ka puta i tō hua i mua i tō whakatau.

Ka rerekē te wā i runga i te pūnaha. I tētahi whakaritenga momo GasPak, i tīmata te memeha o te tae i roto i te āhua kotahi hāora, ā, i oti i roto i ētahi hāora. Engari, i tētahi whakataurite whai-whakahaere i te pāmahana rūma, neke atu i te ono hāora te wā i hiahiatia mō te puru metilīni. I taua rangahau, i tae te pūmanawa hāoratanga-whakahekenga o ngā rawa whakatipu ki te āhua tōraro 100 millivolts i roto i te 60 ki te 100 meneti, i mua rawa i te otinga o te panoni waikano. I te wā i tino kore ai te tae o te tāhei, kua heke kē taua pūmanawa ki raro rawa i te tōraro 200 millivolts. Kei muri te tohu i ngā panoni o te hau. Kāore te tāhei puru i te hāora tuatahi e whakaū ana i te rahunga, ā, ko te tāhei mā i te hāora tuaono e whakaahua ana i te tāhei i te hāora tuaono.

He mea nui te whakatakoto mō taua take anō. Waiho te tāhei ki te mokowā hau kei runga ake i ngā rawa o te ipu, kia kitea mā te taupoki, kia tawhiti hoki i ngā mata agar me ngā rawa whakatipu. Ko tōna taiao pātata tāna e tohu ai. Ki te whakatakotoria kia papatahi ki tētahi pakitara makariri, ki te tanumia ki raro i ngā pereti, ki te tukua rānei kia mākū katoa i te wai tōtā, ka tohu kē i taua taiao moroiti, kaua i te ipu.

He aha tā te tāhei e whakaatu ai, ā, he aha kāore e whakaaturia

Whakaarohia te tohu puru metilīni o te ipu hāora-kore hei pūoko kotahi i te wāhi kotahi. Ka whakaū i ngā āhuatanga hāoratanga-whakahekenga me te hāora i tōna ake rohe tauhohenga. Ka āhua whakaata ēnei i te mokowā hau mēnā he rawaka te whakaranu me te ekenga ki te taurite. He whakatau ā-whakapae ngā mea katoa kei tua atu, ā, me whai taunakitanga motuhake aua whakatau.

Kāore te tāhei kore tae e whakaū ana i te korenga iroriki. Ko te korenga iroriki ko te korenga o ngā rauropi e ora tonu ana, ā, ka whakaūngia mā ngā tikanga whakakore iroriki kua whakamana, me ngā mana whakahaere whakamana whakatipu. Ka taea te ipu te tino hāora-kore, engari kua whakapokea tonutia, te tino kore iroriki rānei, engari he hāora tonu kei roto.

Kāore e whakamana i ia wāhanga o te pūnaha whakatipu. Kāore e kitea e te tāhei kotahi te hāora kua memeha ki roto i tētahi ngongo hiri, te hāora kua mau ki roto i te agar hōhonu, ngā rōnaki i tētahi ipu kikī, me tētahi turuturu ka puare i muri i te pānuitanga. I ngā whakamātautau ā-wāhi i kitea he rohe puru me ngā rohe kore tae e noho tata ana i roto i te ipu kotahi, nā te rerekē o te taurite i waenga i te urunga hāora me ngā mahi whakaheke. Kāore e taea e te wāhi kotahi te whakamana i tētahi rōrahi katoa.

Kāore e whakaū ana i te hāora-koretanga kāore i haukotia. Kāore te pānui kotahi i te tāhei i te wā whakarite e whakaatu i tētahi mea mō te hāora rua tekau. E whakatūpato ana ngā rangahau kounga hāora-kore o nā tata nei, ko ngā tohu matū e whakaahua ana i te hau i te wā tonu e pānuitia ana, ā, ka āhua pai tonu ahakoa he iti noa te hāora e toe ana. Ko te tuhi pūkete haere tonu, ko te tuhi rānei i ngā wā arowhai, te mea e hono ai te tāhei ki te wā whakatipu, kaua ko te tirohanga kotahi ki te tae mutunga.

Mō ngā whakamārama matū e hāngai ana ki te panoni tae, tirohia te huringa o te puru metilīni i waenga i ngā āhua kua hāoratia me ngā āhua kua whakahekea. Mō te awe whānui ake o te hāora ki te whakahaere tauira, tirohia te whakahaere hāora i ngā mahi karu whakarahi me ngā mahi whakatipu.

He hoahoa hei waiho ki te taha o te ipu

Ka whakapotohia e te whakaahua i raro nei te tuhinga hei tohutoro kotahi mō te tēpu taiwhanga. E toru ngā āhua o te tāhei kotahi, ngā ahunga e rua o te tauhohenga, me te rohe i waenga i ngā taunakitanga tohu me te whakamana pūnaha.

Ngā momo rahunga e mau ai te puru o te tāhei, e hē ai rānei te whakapono kei te pai

Ka uru te nuinga o ngā rahunga ki ngā rōpū e rima. He tohu motuhake tō ia rōpū.

Ka tuku tonu te ipu, te pūkoro rānei, e turuturu ana i te hāora ki te rohe tauhohenga. Ka noho puru tonu te tāhei, ka puru anō rānei i muri i te memeha. Tirohia te taupoki, te mowhiti hiri, ngā rawhi, me ngā mata hiri i mua i te whakapae ko te matū te take.

Kāore te pūhanga hau kua pau, kua hē rānei te whakahohe, e tango i te hāora. I ngā pūnaha tawhito i whakahohea ki te wai, ko te korenga o te tōtā wai i te āhua 10 ki te 15 meneti, me te korenga o te mahana o te taupoki i te āhua 20 ki te 40 meneti, he whakatūpato tōmua mō taua pūnaha. Ka pēnei anō te rahunga o te pēke iti kāore i rawaka tōna kaha i roto i te ipu kua nui rawa te utanga.

Ko te whakakōkī kua tāmiatia tōna mahi e hāngai ana anake ki ngā pūnaha tawhito hauwai me te palladium, i reira ka whakakotahi te palladium i te hauwai me te hāora hei wai. Ka whakakinohia e te haumākū me te hauwai pūngāwhā. Kāore rawa he palladium i te maha o ngā pēke iti o ēnei rā, nō reira kaua e whakamahi i tēnei whakatikatika ki te wāhi kāore e hāngai ana.

Ka rahua puku te tāhei kua kino, kua hē rānei te whakahaere. Ka ngaro te āhei o te waikano me te matū whakaheke ki te whakahoki i te tauhohenga i te wā rokiroki. Koinei tētahi take i whakawhanakehia ai ngā hanganga hanumi hei ātete i te memeha nā te aho me te hekenga o te pai i te rokiroki. Kaua e whakamahia ngā taonga kua hipa i te rā paunga, ngā taonga he rerekē te tae tīmatanga, me ngā tāhei kua whakamakūkūtia ahakoa me maroke, kua waiho maroke rānei ahakoa me whakamakūkū.

Ko te rōnaki, ko te takamuri rānei, e whakapohehe ana i te kaipānui, kaua i te matū. Ko te mokowā hau kāore i pai te whakaranu, ngā ngongo hiri kei roto he hāora kua memeha, me ngā rawa whakatipu āhua mārō, ka mau katoa ki ō rātou ake āhuatanga mō te wā roa ake i tā te tāhei e tohu ai. Ka huri ngā tāhei resazurin mā te māwhero ki te korenga tae, ā, he maha ka hokona hei tohu tere ake. Engari, nō tō rātou ake hanganga ō rātou paepae, kāore e taea te whakawhiti ki te puru metilīni.

Ngā mana whakahaere me tētahi tikanga pānui e pai ana kia tāruatia

Ka kitea te nuinga o ngā pānuitanga hē e ngā mana whakahaere iti te utu e rua. Puritia he tāhei mana whakahaere hou ki te hau o te rūma, ki te taha o te whakamātautau. Ka noho puru tonu te tāhei puru metilīni e mahi tika ana i reira. He kōmā ētahi tohu i roto i te tākai, ā, ka puru ina huakina; he arowhai mahi tēnei i a ia anō. Waihoki, i ia wā, whakatakotoria he tāhei hou ki tētahi whakaritenga hāora-kore kua whakamana kē. Me tae ki te tae mutunga kua whakahekea, kua whakamana hoki, i roto i te wā kua tohua mō te hua. Ki te hē te mahi a tētahi o aua mana whakahaere, whakakapihia te huinga taonga i mua i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā pānuitanga ipu.

Ka ahu mai te tikanga pānui i te tikanga mahi. Whakatakotoria te tāhei ki tētahi wāhi o te mokowā hau ka kitea me te kore e huaki i te ipu, me te whai i te pepa tohutohu o te hua mō te pā ki te pakitara me te whakamakūkū. Tuhia te tae tīmatanga, te wā i hiritia ai te ipu, me te tae i te wā arowhai kua tohua mō te hua. Ki te āhei te ipu, tuhia i mau tonu te āhua kua whakahekea o te tohu i ngā wā arowhai kua tautuhia i te wā whakatipu. Tuhia te tae whakamutunga i mua tonu i te huakitanga. Ko taua tae i mua i te huakitanga te putanga mutunga mō taua whakamātautau. I muri i te huakitanga, me tūmanako ka puru anō, ā, kaua e tukua tēnā kia whakarerekē i te pūkete o mua.

Ki te noho puru tonu te tāhei i muri i tōna wā kua tohua, whakaarohia kāore anō kia whakaūngia te hāora-koretanga. Arohia te raupapa: te hiri, te pēke iti, te whakakōkī mēnā kei reira, te whakamakūkū me te paunga o te tohu, kātahi ko te mahi a te tohu ina whakatauritea ki te mana whakahaere i te hau. Kia whakaūngia rā anō te hau o roto, kātahi anō ka tika te whakamāori i te tipu, i te korenga tipu rānei, mā te whakamahi i te whakaritenga whakatipu hāora-kore me ngā mana whakahaere rauropi e hāngai ana ki te whakamahinga.

E tika ana mā te tāhei te kōrero whakamutunga i tōna ake rohe mahi. Ahakoa he puru, he kore tae rānei, ka whakautu i te pātai kotahi mō te wāhi kotahi i te wā kotahi. Pātaihia taua pātai i ngā wā kua whakaritea, me ngā mana whakahaere ki tōna taha, ā, ka pono te whakautu. Ki te pātaihia mō te korenga iroriki, mō ia ngongo, mō te wā whakatipu katoa rānei i runga i te tirohanga kotahi, kāore he matū tohu e taea te whakatika i taua pānuitanga.