Te puru metilīni hou me te whakatae retikurohaiti: he waikano motuhake, he tikanga mō ngā pūtau ora

Ka whakarite tētahi ākonga ki te tatau retikurohaiti, ka tono puru metilīni, ka whakaranu ki te toto, ā, he iti noa iho ngā mea ka kitea. Ka whakamahi tētahi hoa ako i te pounamu kua tapaina ki te puru metilīni hou, ā, ka kitea he kaka puru koi i roto i tētahi wāhanga o ngā pūtau toto whero. Ki tā te ākonga tuatahi, he hōu ake, he kukū ake rānei te waikano o te pounamu tuarua. Kāore tētahi o ēnei whakapae i te tika. He rāpoi ngota rerekē kei roto.

Koinei te hapa ā-ariā kei muri i te nuinga o te rangirua i tēnei kaupapa. E ai ki te ingoa, tērā pea he puranga puru metilīni kua whakapaihia te puru metilīni hou. He rerekē tā te matū e whakaatu ana. He waikano fenotiahinī motuhake te puru metilīni hou N, me tōna ake tau Colour Index, tōna ake tauira whakakapinga ā-rāpoi, me tōna ake tūranga kua whakaritea ki ngā paerewa o te mātai toto. Kia mārama taua rerekētanga, ka māmā te whai i te toenga o te tikanga: he aha me ora tonu ngā pūtau i te wā e whakataea ana, he aha ngā āhuatanga e tautuhia ai he retikurohaiti, kei hea te wāhi mō ngā tinana Heinz, ā, āhea hoki ka whai wāhi mai te puru kerehīra pīataata.

Te whakautu poto

Ko te puru metilīni hou N, te tauhohenga mō te mātai toto, ka tautuhia whānuitia hei Basic Blue 24 i te pūkete PubChem mō te puru metilīni hou, C.I. 52030, CAS 1934-16-3, me te tātai C18H22ClN3S. Ko te puru metilīni noa ko te pūhaumāota metilitioniniuma, Basic Blue 9, i tōna pūkete PubChem, C.I. 52015, CAS 61-73-4, me te tātai C16H18ClN3S. I tōna hanganga, e rua ngā rōpū metiri kei ngā mowhiti o te puru metilīni hou, me ngā mekameka taha etilamino i ngā wāhi kei reira ngā rōpū dimetilamino o te puru metilīni. Nā taua rerekētanga ka rerekē te āhua o te whakatae. E ai ki ngā pukapuka mātai toto, he ngoikore tonu te puru metilīni noa hei waikano retikurohaiti, engari he hōhonu ake, he ōrite ake te tae o te puru metilīni hou. Kua whakarāpopototia tēnei whakataurite i te kaupapa ScienceDirect mō te puru metilīni hou.

Āe, he waikano mō te whakatae pūtau ora te puru metilīni hou. Ko te tikanga o tēnei whakatae ko te whakatae i ngā pūtau ora i muri i te tangohanga mai i te tinana, i mua hoki i te whakaū, e ai ki te arotake NCBI mō ngā mātāpono o te whakatae pūtau ora. Kei tēnei kāwai te puru metilīni hou me te puru kerehīra pīataata, ā, ka kōrerotia motuhaketia te puru metilīni hou hei waikano pūtau ora i te paerewa retikurohaiti CLSI. I ētahi wā ka whakarōpū ngā ākonga i tēnei ki te whakatae Romanowsky o ngā pani kua whakaūngia. Kāore taua tauira whakaaro e tika ana i konei. Ki te whakaū i te tuatahi, ka kore te tikanga e mahi.

Mō ngā kaipānui e whai ana i ngā ingoa waikano e tata ana, ka whakamārama te puru metiri me te puru metilīni i tētahi atu rangirua, he whānui ake, i waenga i tētahi waikano traiarilametāna katote tōraro me te whānau fenotiahinī katote tōrunga. Ka whakatakotoria e te tirohanga whānui ki te whakatae taiwhanga te mahi whakatae pūtau ora ki te taha o ngā tikanga pani whakaū, ā, ka whakaatu te aratohu āhua pūtau toto i te wāhi o te aromatawai retikurohaiti i roto i te tatau wehewehe pūtau whānui.

Kotahi te tūpato mō ngā putumōhio: he momo tote takirua pūhaumāota konutea motuhake o te puru metilīni hou kei raro i te CAS 6586-05-6. Nō reira me whakaingoa te momo tote me te kaiwhakarato i te wāhanga tikanga, kaua ko te ingoa noa anake.

He aha te mahi tūturu a te whakatae pūtau ora

He pūtau toto whero taitamariki te retikurohaiti kua ngaro tōna karihi, engari kei roto tonu ngā toenga RNA rai pōhōma. Kāore taua RNA e kitea i tētahi takanga mākū kāore anō kia whakataea. Ka uru te waikano pūtau ora ki te pūtau e ora ana, ā, ka whakatō, ka whakahuihui rānei i taua RNA hei kōpura me ngā kaka puru. Koinei te matū ā-kupenga, ā-kaka hoki e kitea ana mā te rumaki hinu. Nō reira he hua whakatae taua kupenga, ehara i te anga kua oti kē te hanga e tatari ana kia tae mai he tae. Nā konei ka rite tonu te hiranga o ngā taurangi kawa, arā, te kukūtanga waikano, te pūreirei, te ōwehenga toto ki te waikano, te pāmahana me te wā, ki te hiranga o te ingoa waikano.

Ko te putanga ā-mahi he raupapa mahi pūmau: tuatahi, whakaranua te toto kua tāpirihia he ārai whakatōtoka ki te waikano; waiho kia tauhohe; kātahi ka hanga pani, ka tirotiro me te kore whakaū, me te kore hoki e tāpiri waikano tuarua. Mā te whakaū i mua i te whakatae, mā tētahi waikano tuarua rānei e huna ana i ngā kaka kōmā, ka ngaro ngā mōhiohio e whakawhirinaki ana te tatau ki aua mōhiohio.

He kawa mahi mō te retikurohaiti mā te puru metilīni hou

Kāore he ranunga kotahi e whakamahia ana i ngā wāhi katoa, nō reira me pūrongo te ranunga i whakamahia. E toru ngā putanga kua tuhia hei whakaatu i te whānuitanga.

Ka whakamahi te tikanga tawhito ā-Brecher i te puru metilīni hou tata ki te 0.5 ōrau me te pāhare pāporo ōkahareti, ka whakaranu kia ōrite ngā rōrahi ki te toto EDTA kua āta whakaranua, ā, ka waiho kia tauhohe mō te 10 ki te 15 meneti i te pāmahana rūma. Whai muri i te whakaranu anō mā te āta mahi, ka whakaritea he pani poro angiangi, ka whakamaroketia ki te hau, ā, ka tirohia me te kore whakaū mā te arotahi rumaki hinu 100x. E whakamārama ana te tikanga NCBI mō te tatau retikurohaiti i tēnei rerenga mahi me te anga tatau e whakamahia ana.

Ka whakamahi te putanga Dacie me Lewis i te puru metilīni hou 1.0 ōrau i roto i te wairewa tote whai haitireti, ka whakaranu ki ngā rōrahi toto e 2 ki te 4, ā, ka pupuri i te 37 C mō te 15 ki te 20 meneti i mua i te hanga pani. I whakamahia e tētahi whakatinanatanga whakaōrite nō nā tata nei mō te tikanga CLSI H44 tētahi wairewa ngoikore ake, 0.1 ōrau, i roto i te wairewa tote kua pūreireitia ki te pūkawa i te pH 7.4. I waiho kia tauhohe i te 20 C mō te 10 meneti, kāore hoki i whakaūngia, e ai ki te rangahau whakaōrite NMB o 2026.

He ōrite ngā ture tatau puta noa i ngā putanga. Tatauria tētahi pūtau hei retikurohaiti mēnā e rua neke atu ngā kōpura puru motuhake, ngā wāhanga kaka rānei kua whakataea, kei roto. Mā tēnei ka whakakorehia ngā putunga waikano tūhāhā. Tatauria kia 1,000 neke atu ngā pūtau toto whero mō ngā mahi auau, ā, pūrongotia ngā retikurohaiti hei ōrau. Ina iti ngā ōrau, me nui ake ngā pūtau kia tutuki ai ngā whakaritenga tauanga. E ai ki tētahi arotake o te tikanga CLSI H44, ina tata ki te 1 ōrau ngā retikurohaiti, me tata ki te 4,400 ngā pūtau hei whakaheke i te rerekētanga tatau ki te 5 ōrau. Kei te arotake CLSI H44 i De Gruyter tēnei kōrero. Mā tētahi kōpae Miller i te arotahi kanohi ka taea ngā tatau nui. Tātarihia te waikano, whakaritea hōutia rānei, nā te mea ka rite te āhua o te waipara ki ngā whakaurunga kōpura.

Ngā tinana Heinz i roto i te takanga kotahi

Ka taea hoki e taua pani pūtau ora te whakaatu i ngā tinana Heinz. He whakahiatotanga ēnei o te hemokoropini kua hāoratia, kua rerekē hoki tōna hanganga, ehara i te toenga RNA. I ngā takanga puru metilīni hou ka kitea hei tinana porowhita, he maha ka kitea takitahi, ka tata hoki ki te kiriuhi, ā, he puru māmā ake tō rātou tae i tō te matū ā-kupenga, ā-kaka hoki. Kāore e pai te mau o aua tinana i te whakaū me te whakatae tuarua, nō reira tirohia te pani kāore anō kia whakaūngia. I whakamahia e tētahi kawa nō nā tata nei te 20 ritamano moroiti o te toto EDTA me te 20 ritamano moroiti o te puru metilīni hou 1 ōrau, ka waiho kia tauhohe mō te 15 meneti. I inehia ngā pūtau whai tinana Heinz i roto i ngā pūtau toto whero 250, e ai ki te rangahau PMC e pūrongo ana i taua tikanga.

E rua ngā rerekētanga hei ārai i te hē o te pānui. Tuatahi, he kaha ake te whakatae tinana Heinz a te waiporoporo metiri me te waiporoporo karaihe i tā te puru metilīni hou, e ai ki te kaupapa ScienceDirect mō ngā tinana Heinz. He kōwhiringa ngāwari te puru metilīni hou ina aromatawaitia ngātahitia ngā retikurohaiti me ngā tinana Heinz, engari ehara i te waikano kaha rawa mō ngā tinana Heinz anake. Tuarua, i te āhuatanga kawe ārepa tarahēmia, ka puta i ngā whakaurunga HbH he maha ngā ira ririki puta noa i te pūtau i muri i te whakatae pūtau ora. Engari he iti ake te maha o ngā tinana Heinz matarohia, he rahi ake, ā, he maha ka hono ki te kiriuhi. Ko te putunga waikano te tuatoru o ngā mea he rite te āhua: kei waho i te papa arotahi o ngā pūtau, ā, ka rerekē i ia āpure tirohanga.

Te puru kerehīra pīataata me te puru metilīni hou

He waikano pūtau ora mō ngā retikurohaiti ēnei waikano e rua, engari ka whāia tētahi o rāua i te whakarite paerewa. Ko te tikanga retikurohaiti CLSI H44-A2, i whakawhanaketia ngātahitia me te International Council for Standardization in Haematology, ā, kua whakarārangitia ki te whārangi paerewa CLSI H44, ka tautuhi i te whakatae toto EDTA ki te puru metilīni hou hei tikanga whakataurite ā-ringa. E whakaae ana ngā whakaakoranga mātai toto tawhito mō te āhua: he hōhonu ake, he ōrite ake te whakatae kaka a te puru metilīni hou, engari he nui ake te rerekē o te puru kerehīra pīataata i waenga i ngā puranga me ngā tauira.

Me whai whakamārama anō taua tūranga. Ka whakaae te aratohu ICSH mō te aromātai pūrere tātari ki te tirohanga karu whārahi ā-ringa mā te puru metilīni hou hei huarahi whakataurite tohutoro. Heoi, e kī ana he mea whakawhirinaki ki te kaiwhakamātakitaki, he āhua iti hoki te tōtikatanga, ā, ka manakohia ngā tikanga tohutoro tatau pūtau mā te rere ina wātea. I tētahi whakataurite o ngā tauira 100 i te tau 2022, he iti ake te rītaha o te puru kerehīra pīataata ki ngā hua o te pūrere tātari i tō te puru metilīni hou, e ai ki te whakataurite PMC o ngā tikanga whakatae. Ko te whakarāpopototanga e whai taunakitanga ana mō ngā ākonga: whakamahia te puru metilīni hou hei tikanga whakataurite ā-ringa kua whakaritea ki te paerewa; manatoko i tētahi tikanga puru kerehīra pīataata ā-rohe mā te whakataurite ki taua tikanga, ki te tātari aunoa rānei; ā, ahakoa ko tēhea, me tūmanako he whānui ake te marara o ngā hua tirohanga karu whārahi ā-ringa. I tautoko hoki ngā tuhinga whakarite paerewa tawhito i te Azure B kua purea hei kōwhiringa kē he parakore ake ā-matū, nā te rerekē o ngā puranga waikano arumoni. Kei te rangahau a Marshall mō Azure B tēnei kōrero, e whakamārama ana i te take e kōrerotia tonutia ai te kōeke tauhohenga i ngā kōrerorero tikanga.

Te karo i ngā hapa noa

E whā ngā hapa kei muri i te nuinga o ngā takanga kāore i angitu. Mā te tono puru metilīni noa hei utu mō te puru metilīni hou N ka ngoikore te whakatae nā te matū, ehara nā te tikanga whakahaere. Mā te whakaū, mā te whakatae tuarua rānei i mua i te pānui ka ngaro te tohu whakatae pūtau ora. Mā te tatau waipara waikano hei kōpura ka nui rawa te hua; ka āraia tēnei e te ture kōpura e rua me te waikano kua tātarihia. Mā te tatau i ngā pūtau tokoiti rawa ina iti ngā ōrau retikurohaiti ka puta he tau e āhua tōtika ana, engari he whānui ōna pae māia tauanga. He ōrite te tohu o ia hapa: ka whakapae te kaiwhakamahi karu whārahi nā te karu whārahi te raruraru, ahakoa nā te hipanga tauhohenga kē i whakatau te putanga.