EMB agar ichienzaniswa neMacConkey agar: kusarudza nekududzira media

Mudzidzi anostreak sampuli imwe chete yemvura pamaplate maviri. Pane rimwe, panobuda makoloni akasviba ane kupenya kwegirini sesimbi. Pane rimwe, panobuda makoloni epingi akajeka ane halo ine mhute. Maplate ose akaiswa inoculum kubva mutubhu imwe chete, aka incubate ari padivi nepadivi, uye akaongororwa paawa imwe chete. Mudzidzi anobvunza kuti ndiro ripi rakarurama.

Maplate ose ari maviri akarurama. Anopindura mibvunzo yakasiyana. Kuvhiringidzika kunobva pakubata media idzi mbiri sokunge dzichigona kutsiviwa pakusefa mabhakitiriya emudumbu. Dzine chinangwa chimwe chete, chinova kusarudza maorganism eenteric eGram negative uye kupatsanura vanovirisa lactose kubva kune vasingaivirisi, asi dzinoita izvi nekemisitiri yakasiyana uye nemaitiro akasiyana ekuonekwa. Kana wangonzwisisa pfungwa mbiri dziri pasi pazvo, kusarudza plate nekuverenga makoloni zvinova zvechinyakare.

Mhinduro pfupi

EMB agar inoshandisa madhayi maviri, eosin Y nemethylene blue, anoita mabasa maviri panguva imwe chete: anodzvinyirira kukura kweGram positive uye anoprecipitate akatenderedza maorganism anogadzira acid yakawanda, zvichiita makoloni akasviba, uye kazhinji Escherichia coli ichiratidza kupenya kwegirini sesimbi. MacConkey agar inopatsanura mabasa aya: bile salts pamwe necrystal violet zvinodzvinyirira Gram positives, lactose inopa substrate yekuvirisa, uye neutral red inoratidza acid semakoloni epingi kana matsvuku. Kana basa racho riri kuratidza E. coli nenzira inooneka yekufungidzira, EMB ine nzvimbo yayo. Kana basa racho riri kupatsanura zviri nyore vanovirisa lactose vepingi kubva kune vasingaivirisi vasina ruvara, kunyanya mumafambisirwo emasampuli etsvina kana weti, MacConkey inowanzova nyore kuverenga. Hapana plate inokwanisa kuzivisa organism neruvara chete.

EMB: madhayi anosarudza uye anoratidza panguva imwe chete

Pfungwa yeEMB inobatanidza kusarudza nekuzivisa mumamorekuru mamwe chete. Protocol yeASM yeeosin methylene blue agar inotsanangura EMB semedium inosarudza uye inosiyanisa, apo madhayi maviri acho anodzivisa maorganism mazhinji eGram positive nepo kuviriswa kwelactose kuchikonzera kutorwa kwemadhayi uye precipitation. Formulation yakajairika yeLevine ine peptone, lactose, phosphate, eosin Y, methylene blue, neagar, sezvakanyorwa muFDA BAM method yeLevine EMB agar. Cherechedza kuti mamwe maresipi ekare eEMB aiwedzera sucrose pamwe nelactose, nepo Levine EMB iine lactose isina sucrose, saka nyora formulation iri mustock murabhoritari yako.

Kuverenga EMB kunoreva kuverenga maitiro emadhayi. Kuviriswa kwelactose nesimba kunogadzira acid yakakwana kukonzera precipitation yakawanda yemadhayi, zvichiita kuti E. coli ive nenzvimbo dzepakati dzakasviba dzebhuruu-dema uye, muchiitiko chechinyakare, kupenya kwegirini sesimbi muchiedza chinoratidzwa. Vanovirisa zvisina kusimba vakadai seEnterobacter neKlebsiella vanowanzokura semakoloni epingi kusvika epepuru, ane mucoid texture, asi asina kupenya ikoko. Vasingavirisi vakadai seSalmonella, Shigella, neProteus vanowanzokura semakoloni asina ruvara kana anopenya zvishoma nokuti havagadziri kuwanda kweacid kunokonzera precipitation yemadhayi. Gram positives inowanzodzvinyirirwa, kunyange zvazvo kudzvinyirirwa kuchisiyana pamwero zvichienderana nestrain nechigadzirwa. Kemisitiri yakazara yekugadzirira madhayi, kusanganisira chikonzero nei methylene blue ichishanda secationic stain pakutanga, ndeyehurukuro yakasiyana pamusoro pemagadzirirwo emadhayi, uye mamiriro akajairika emicroscopy ari muatlas yenzira dzekustaining. Chinyorwa ichi chinoramba chakanangana nekusarudza plate nekuiverenga.

Mufananidzo uri pamusoro ndewekutsanangura. Unoratidza maitiro ekuonekwa anofanira kutarisirwa: makoloni akasviba ane kupenya pamwe nemhando dzepingi dzemucoid uye mhando dzakacheneruka paEMB, zvichienzaniswa nemhando dzepingi nemhando dzakacheneruka paMacConkey. Ushandise kudzidza pattern, wobva wasimbisa kududzira kwese uchienzanisa nemacontrol akatorwa mifananidzo uye product insert yemedium chaiyo iri pabhenji rako.

MacConkey: mabasa akapatsanurwa, mutemo wekuona uri nyore

Pfungwa yeMacConkey inopa basa rimwe nerimwe kune ingredient yakasiyana. Protocol yeASM yeMacConkey agar inoshandisa pfungwa imwe chete yekusarudza nekusiyanisa, uye FDA BAM method yeMacConkey agar inonyora zvikamu zvinoshanda: peptones, lactose, bile salts, salt, neutral red, crystal violet, neagar. Bile salts pamwe necrystal violet zvinosefa zvichipesana neGram positives. Lactose inopa substrate yekuvirisa. Neutral red inoshanda sechiindikitari chepH, ichiva yepingi kusvika kutsvuku panogadzirwa acid, dzimwe nguva paine bile yakaprecipitate yakatenderedza vanovirisa zvakasimba.

Mutemo wekuverenga wakaitwa kuti uve nyore: pinki zvinoreva lactose fermenter, isina ruvara kana yakacheneruka zvinoreva nonfermenter. E. coli inooneka yepingi kusvika kutsvuku, kazhinji iine halo yebile precipitate. Klebsiella neEnterobacter zvinooneka zviri zvepingi uye kazhinji zvine mucoid texture nokuda kwemacapsule azvo. Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, nedzimwe Gram negative rods dzakawanda zvinooneka zvisina ruvara. Pane rimwe bhenefiti rinobatsira mumarabhoritari ekudzidzisa: bile salts kazhinji dzinoderedza swarming yeProteus, saka zviri nyore kuwana makoloni akaparadzana paMacConkey pane panononselective media, kunyange zvazvo kudzvinyirirwa kusiri kwakakwana uye paine dzimwe nzira dzisina salt kana kudzora swarming kuri iko kunonyanya kukosha.

Chikonzero chemolecular chinoita kuti madhayi ashande nenzira iyi chinobva pacharge nestruture. Methylene blue idhayi recationic phenothiazine rine chimiro nemaproperties zvinotsanangura affinity yaro kuma bacterial surfaces ane acidity, iyo affinity imwe chete inoshanda painoprecipitate munzvimbo dzine acid paEMB.

Kuenzanisa nekukurumidza

Verenga tafura iyi senzira yekuita sarudzo. Kana exercise ichida kuti vadzidzi vaone gradient yesimba rekuvirisa ine endpoint imwe inoshamisa, EMB inoiratidza. Kana exercise ichida kupatsanura nekukurumidza kuita mapoka maviri kusati kwaitwa biochemical confirmation, MacConkey inoiratidza.

Medium ipi yesampuli ipi

Pamaexercise emvura ane chinangwa chekuziva presumptive fecal coliform kana E. coli, EMB inokwezva nokuti sheen yacho inooneka zviri nyore. MacConkey inogonawo kushanda nemaenteric Gram negatives uye yakashandiswa kare pamvura, asi hapana pakati pemaplate aya inotsiva nzira yemvura inodiwa nemutemo, iyo inogona kudoma media yakadai semodified mTEC kana MI zvichienderana netest. Tarisa method iyo rabhoritari yako inosungirwa kutevera.

Pakupatsanura kwemasampuli etsvina kuita fermenters nenonfermenters, MacConkey kazhinji ndiyo inobatsira kupfuura imwe. Basa retsvina rekutsvaga Salmonella kana Shigella rinowanzowedzera media dzakanyanya kusarudza enteric dzakadai seXLD kana Hektoen enteric pane kuvimba neMacConkey chete.

Pakudzidzisa nemasampuli eweti kunotevedzera clinical workflow, batanidza MacConkey neblood agar. MacConkey inopa kupatsanura kwekutanga kweGram negative nepo blood agar ichikudza maorganism anodzvinyirirwa neMacConkey. Kubatanidza uku kwakajairika mutsananguro dzekiriniki dzekugadzirira urine culture.

Pakudzidzisa pfungwa yacho chete, shandisa zvose zviri zviviri. EMB inodzidzisa kuti simba rekuvirisa rakakosha uye kuti molecule imwe inogona kuita mabasa maviri. MacConkey inodzidzisa modular design: selector, substrate, nereporter zvakaparadzaniswa. Vadzidzi vanostreak E. coli inozivikanwa, Klebsiella aerogenes inozivikanwa, uye Salmonella inozivikanwa zviri padivi nepadivi pamedia ose maviri havawanzo kuvhiringidza logic mbiri idzi zvakare.

Zvikanganiso zvekuverenga zvinodzokororwa nguva dzose

Kukanganisa kunonyanya kuitika kuzivisa organism neruvara chete. Pinki paMacConkey inogona kuva E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, kana imwe fermenter. Isina ruvara inogona kuva Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, kana imwe nonfermenter. Ruvara iscreening phenotype inotungamirira kune confirmatory work yakadai seGram stain, oxidase, biochemical panels, kana instrument identification, kwete zita respecies.

Kukanganisa kwechipiri kuisa dudziro yakawandisa pakushaikwa kwesheen. Mamwe makoloni eE. coli chaiwo, kunyanya akaparadzaniswa, anogona kuburitsa metallic sheen shoma kana kusaburitsa zvachose paEMB. Kushayikwa kwesheen hakubvisi mukana weE. coli, uye kuvapo kwesheen hakuratidzi E. coli nechokwadi. Bata sheen sechiratidzo chepresumptive.

Kukanganisa kwechitatu kuenzanisa maplate ane mazera akasiyana. Delayed lactose fermenters anogona kuva epingi paMacConkey mushure mekurebesa incubation, izvo zvinoderedza kujeka kwekupatsanura fermenter nenonfermenter. Verenga paawa yakatarwa nerabhoritari uye nyora incubation time pamwe nemhedzisiro.

Kukanganisa kwechina kuverenga mixed growth seorganism imwe chete. Colony yepingi iri pedyo necolony isina ruvara inoratidza phenotypes mbiri, kwete imwe iri pakati. Sarudza makoloni akaparadzaniswa zvakanaka uye shanda nemorphotype imwe neimwe zvakasiyana. Mucoid texture inowedzera musungo wakafanana: Klebsiella neEnterobacter zvose zvinogona kutaridzika zvine mucoid, saka capsule chete haigoni kusimbisa zita. Organism yaimbodzidziswa seEnterobacter aerogenes yava kuclassified seKlebsiella aerogenes, izvo zvinotsanangura kuti sei macharts ekare nemalabel matsva dzimwe nguva zvichiita sezvisingawirirani.

Macontrol nemutemo wekupedzisira

Shandisa photographed kana fresh controls pasection yega yega: E. coli ye strong fermenter reaction, Klebsiella aerogenes yekuvirisa kwemucoid kusina classic sheen, strain yeSalmonella ye colorless nonfermenter reaction, uye Staphylococcus aureus kusimbisa Gram positive suppression pachigadzirwa chako chaicho. Enzanisa strain numbers neacceptance criteria ne manufacturer insert, nokuti selectivity inoshanduka zvichienderana nehuwandu hwebile, crystal violet, uye madhayi.

Rangarira mutsara mumwe chete pabhenji. EMB inoshandisa madhayi anosarudza uye anoratidza panguva imwe chete, zvichipa chiratidzo chinoshamisa cheE. coli asi kuverenga kwacho kuchida kunyatsodudzirwa. MacConkey inopatsanura kusarudza nekuzivisa, zvichiita kupatsanura kwepingi maringe neyakacheneruka kuve nyore asi ichipa ruzivo rushoma pamusoro pesimba rekuvirisa. Sarudza medium ine pfungwa inoenderana nemubvunzo, simbisa ruvara nemiedzo yakakodzera, uye maplate maviri aya anorega kukwikwidzana otanga kushanda pamwe chete.