Te Kikorangi Metilīni me te Huaora C: He Aha te Wairewa ka Kore ai e Whai Tae

Ka tāpirihia e koe he pire huaora C ki tētahi karāhe wairewa kikorangi metilīni, ka kōroritia, ā, ka mātakitaki i te memeha o te tae kikorangi. Kia pau te kotahi meneti, ka rite te āhua o te wai ki te wai noa. He ngāwari te whakatau kua whakangaro, kua whakakore rānei te huaora C i te waikano.

Kei te hē taua whakaaro, ā, he take nui tō taua hē. Ko tāu e mātakitaki ana he panonitanga o te āhua whakahāora ka taea te whakahoki, ehara i te whakangaromanga. Kei reira tonu te waikano. Ina tika ngā āhuatanga, ka hoki mai tōna tae.

Ngā āhua e rua o te waikano

E rua ngā āhua o te kikorangi metilīni kua tino rangahautia. Ko te āhua whakahāoratia, e tuhia nuitia ana hei MB+, he pūnaha mowhiti tūhonohono whānui tōna e kaha momi ana i te aho e tata ana ki te 664 nm. Nā taua mominga te tae kikorangi. Kua ngaro i te āhua whakahekea, arā, te kikorangi leukometilīni (LMB), taua pae momi kaha i te awhe aho ka kitea e te kanohi, nō reira ka kore te wairewa kukū iti e whai tae.

Whakaarohia te waikano hei putunga irahiko iti ka taea te whakakī anō. Ina whakakīia ki ngā irahiko me tētahi iraoho, ka ngaro tōna tae. Ina tangohia aua irahiko, ka hoki mai te tae:

MB+ + H+ + 2e- to LMB (kore tae)

Mā te huaora C e tuku te utanga. Ka whakahāoratia te ascorbate ki te dehydroascorbate, ka tuku hoki i ngā waeine whakaheke e rua. Nō reira, i te tatauranga māmā, ka whakaheke te kotahi mole ascorbate i te kotahi mole MB+, tata tonu. I ngā wairewa tūturu o te taiwhanga, he uaua ake te tatauranga nā te mea ka whakataetae te hāora memeha mō aua irahiko anō. Koia te take e hiahiatia nuitia ai he ascorbate tuwhene kia noho kore tae tonu te wairewa.

Ehara i te mea me whai te tukanga i tētahi hipanga kotahi e whakawhiti tika ana i ngā irahiko e rua. Ka whai wāhi mai ngā matū takawaenga tuwhena me ngā matū kua āhua whakahekea, ā, ka rerekē te ara tika i runga i te whakarewa, te waikawatanga me te kukūtanga. Heoi, he ōrite te mutunga. Ka huri te MB+ kikorangi hei LMB kore tae, ā, ka pau te huaora C i roto i te tukanga.

He aha te tae kikorangi ka hoki mai ai i te rūru

He wāhanga tuarua tō te whakaaturanga rongonui o tēnei whakamātau i te akomanga. Waiho noa te ipu iti kore tae, ka noho kore tae tonu. Rūrūhia, ka hoki mai te tae kikorangi. Tatari, ka memeha anō.

Ko te hāora te kaiwhakahoki. Ka whakahāora te O2 memeha i te LMB kia hoki ki te MB+, nō reira ehara te rūru i te whakahohe i te waikano. Ka whakakī anō i te hāora memeha mā te whakaranu i te hau o te wāhi kei runga ake i te wai ki roto i te wai, ka tere ake ai te tauhohenga whakahoki. I te mea he ascorbate e toe ana, ka whakahekea anō te MB+ kua hangaia anō. Ka puta ai te huringa e mōhiotia ana: ina waiho, ka kore tae; ina rūruhia, ka kikorangi; ina tatari, ka kore tae anō. Kia pau te ascorbate, ka toa pūmau te hāora, ka noho kikorangi tonu te wairewa.

Koia te take ka tino pā te hanga o te ipu ki te whakaaturanga kikorangi metilīni me te huaora C. Ka roa ake te noho kore tae o tētahi ipu ine aho whai taupoki, he iti nei te wāhi hau o runga, tēnā i tētahi ipurau whānui. Ka poto ake te wā kore tae ina kaha te whakauru hau. Nō reira, ko te tangata e pūrongo ana i te whakamātau me whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga hāora, kaua ko ngā rahinga tauhohe anake.

He whakaaturanga whakahaere me ōna āhuatanga

E whakaatu ana te whakaahua uhi o tēnei tuhinga i te whakataurite e whāia ana: he tauira whakahaere MB+ kikorangi i te taha o tētahi tauira LMB kua whakahekea e te ascorbate, i raro i te aho ōrite. Kia taea ai te whakaputa anō i te hua, whakaritea kia pūmau ngā taurangi katoa e panoni ana i te tere:

Whakaahuatia ngā ipu e rua i ngā wā kua whakaritea, hei tauira i te 0, 1, 5, me te 15 meneti, kātahi ka rūrū, ka whakaahua anō. Ko te ipu kua peia te hau mā te hauota te mea e tika ana kia roa rawa te noho kore tae. Me tere ake te hoki o te tae kikorangi ki te ipu kua whakaurua te hau i muri i te rūru. Ki te kore rawa te tauira e hoki ki te kikorangi ahakoa te rūru me te whakauru hau, whakaarohia he whakapoporetanga e kore e taea te whakahoki, tēnā i te whakahekenga noa.

Ka whakamahi ngā kaiwhakarite ranunga i taua aronga anō i te tauine nui ake. Ka whakawhirinaki te whanonga o te kikorangi metilīni i roto i tētahi ranunga ki te horopaki katoa o te pitihāora me te whakaritenga o te ranunga. Me tuhi ngā whakamātautau pūmautanga i te pH, te hāora memeha, te rahinga aho kua pā, me ngā konganuku iti rawa, i te taha o te kitenga tae.

Ka tō te pH, te aho me te kukūtanga ki ngā aronga rerekē

Ka pātai ngā tauhou mēnā ka whakatere te waikawa, te kawakore rānei i te tauhohenga. Ko te whakautu tika, e pā ana te pH ki ngā wāhanga rerekē e rua o te huringa. I roto i ngā wairewa wai waikawa, ka taea e te wāteatanga o ngā iraoho te whakatere i te hipanga whakaheke MB+ nā te ascorbate. Engari, he kaha ake te ātete o te LMB ake ki te whakahāoratanga e te hau i te waikawa, ā, ka tino tere ake tōna whakahāoratanga anō ina piki te pH. Nō reira, ka tere pea te ngaro o te tae i tētahi tauira waikawa, ka noho kore tae tonu ai; i tētahi tauira kawakore, ka tere te ngaro me te hoki mai o te tae kikorangi. He tika ngā kitenga e rua i raro i ō rāua ake āhuatanga.

Ka tāpiri te aho i tētahi ara motuhake. Ka tae te kikorangi metilīni kua whakaohohia e te aho ki tētahi āhua triplet roa te ora, ka whakawhiti irahiko ai ki te ascorbate me te hāora. Ka taea e taua matū aho te whakatere i te ngaronga o te tae, te whakahoki i te tae, te whakaputa rānei i ngā momo hāora tauhohe, i runga i te roangaru, te taumata hāora me te kukūtanga. Whakaritea te whitinga aho hei taurangi whakamātau, ā, tuhia.

Mā te kukūtanga e whakatau ko tēhea aronga ka toa. Ka nui ake te ascorbate, ka tere ake te ngaro o te tae, ka nui ake hoki ngā huringa rūru me te memeha. Ka nui ake te waikano, ka nui ake hoki ngā waeine whakaheke e hiahiatia ana i runga i te ōwehenga. Ka nui ake te hāora memeha, ka kaha ake te noho kikorangi. Ina nui te kukūtanga waikano, ka puta he raruraru anō nā te mea ka hono te kikorangi metilīni ki a ia anō hei takirua rāpoi me ngā kāhui, me ngā tūāwhiorangi rerekē. Nō reira, ki te whakareatia te waikano ki te rua, kāore e whakareatia taua whanonga anō ki te rua.

Ka whakakore rānei te huaora C i te kikorangi metilīni?

Koinei te pātai kei muri i te nuinga o ngā rapunga mō te kikorangi metilīni me te huaora C, ā, me tino tika te whakautu. Kāo, ehara te ngaronga o te tae i te whakakorenga. Kua panoni te āhua o te wāhanga whakaputa tae, engari kei roto tonu i te wairewa te uho phenothiazine me tōna mahi pitihāora. Ka taea te whakahoki i te tauhohenga mā te hau, ā, he tauhohe hoki te āhua whakahekea: kāore he utanga hiko o te LMB, ā, he kaha ake tōna piringa ki te ngako tēnā i te MB+. I ngā rangahau pūtau, ka whakawhiti ia i ngā kiriuhi i mua i tōna whakahāoratanga anō ki roto.

Ka tino kitea tēnei take i ngā tuhinga rangahau pūtau. I roto i ngā pūtau endothelial kua whakatipuria, ka whakaongaonga te kikorangi metilīni i ngā kukūtanga micromolar iti i te mahi pentose phosphate, me te whakahāora i te NADPH me te NADH. I runga ake i te 5 micromolar pea, ka whakapiki i ngā tohu whakahāora o roto pūtau ina kore he tautoko glucose. Ka whakahāora haere ngā pūtau kua whakakīia ki te ascorbate i taua ascorbate ina pā te waikano ki a rātou. He wāhanga noa iho o te tohu whakahāora ka pēhia e taua utanga ascorbate, e ai ki tētahi rangahau pitihāora endothelial mō te waikano. Arā, ka whai wāhi te ascorbate ki ngā whakawhitinga pitihāora. Kāore ia e whakaweto i te waikano.

Ka mārama ake te take i te aho. Ina whitia ki te aho, ka pau te hāora i ngā ranunga kikorangi metilīni, ascorbate me te hāora, ka kohikohi te hauwai peroxide, ā, ina whai rino whakakōkī, ka puta te tuwhena hydroxyl mā te matū Fenton. Kua whakaaturia tēnei e ngā whakamātau hopu miro me te mominga hāora. Ka taea e ngā tuwhena hydroxyl te tūkino pūmau i ngā rāpoi koiora me te whakapopore i te waikano ake. Nō reira, ko tētahi tauira kua memeha pūmau tōna tae i raro i te aho me te whakapokenga rino, kāore e whakaatu ana i te whakahekenga māmā. Tērā pea e whakaatu ana i te whakangaromanga nā ngā tauhohenga taha.

Ngā mea kāore e whakamātauhia e te wairewa kore tae

E toru ngā whakatau noa e hipa ana i ngā taunakitanga, ā, me karo i roto i ngā tuhipoka taiwhanga, ngā tapanga me ngā kiriata whakaako.

Tuatahi, ehara te kore tae i te tohu kore kino. Ka taea e te LMB me te hāora me ngā konganuku iti rawa te whāngai i ngā ara peroxide me ngā ara tuwhena, inā koa i raro i te aho. Mā te mātai tāoke e whakatau te kore kino, kaua mā te ine tae.

Tuarua, ehara te kore tae i te tohu kua whakakorea ngā whakapoke. Kei reira tonu te waikano me ōna hoa pitihāora. Kāore e whakatikaina ngā maringi, ngā wai tuku me ngā rawa kua poke i te waikano mā te tāpiri ascorbate. Me whai whakaū mā te tātari, he kaupapa e matapakihia ana i ngā tikanga whakamātau toenga matū me te whakakore whakapoke.

Tuatoru, kāore te kore tae e tautuhi i tētahi hōtaka whakamahi ngātahi whai hua. Kāore te tauhohenga i te ipuipu e kōrero mō te mominga ki te tinana, te tohatoha ki ngā kiko, te rahinga whakamahi, te haumaru rānei o ngā pāhekoheko i te tangata. Ko te tangata e hiahia ana ki te whakakotahi i ēnei matū e rua mō tētahi take hauora me pānui tuatahi i ngā tuhinga pāhekoheko me te haumaru, me kōrero hoki ki ngā puna whai tohu, kaua e whakatau mā te whakawhānui i ngā kitenga o tētahi ipu iti.

He whāiti ake te whakamāramatanga tika, engari he whai hua ake. He tauira iti te kikorangi metilīni me te ascorbate mō te huringa pitihāora: ka tuku te huaora C i ngā irahiko, ka kore tae te waikano, ka tango anō te hāora i aua irahiko, ka hoki mai te tae, ā, mā te aho, te pH, te kukūtanga me te rino e whakatau te tere me ngā hua taha. Kia mārama taua ariā, ka kore te whakaaturanga e noho hei mahi tinihanga, ka noho hei tikanga tautuhi. Ki te rerekē te whanonga o tō tauira, tirohia te urunga hāora, te rahinga aho kua pā, te pH me te whakapokenga konganuku i mua i te whakapae ki te waikano.