EMB agar ki te MacConkey agar: te kōwhiri me te whakamāori pāpāho

Ka tāraia e tētahi ākonga te tauira wai kotahi ki runga i ngā pereti e rua. I tētahi, ka puta ngā koroni pōuri me te kanapa konganuku kākāriki. I tētahi atu, ka puta ngā koroni māwhero kanapa me tētahi kōmaru pūrehurehu. I whakatōngia ngā pereti e rua mai i te ngongo kotahi, i whakamahanatia taha ki te taha, ā, i pānuitia i te hāora kotahi. Ka pātai te ākonga ko tēhea pereti te mea tika.

He tika ngā pereti e rua. He rerekē ngā pātai ka whakautua e rāua. Ka puta te rangirua ina whakaarohia he matawai whakawhitiwhiti noa ēnei pāpāho mō ngā huakita o te whēkau. He whāinga ōrite tō rāua, arā, ko te kōwhiri i ngā rauropi enteric Gram negative me te wehe i ngā kaiwhakawhena lactose i ngā kore-whakawhena, engari he rerekē te matū me te arorau ā-kanohi e whakamahia ana hei whakatutuki i taua whāinga. Kia mārama ngā ariā matua e rua, ka noho noa te kōwhiri pereti me te pānui koroni hei mahi auau.

Te whakautu poto

Ka whakamahia e te EMB agar ngā waikano e rua, eosin Y me te methylene blue, mō ngā mahi e rua: ka pehi i te tipu Gram positive, ā, ka whakapūwhero huri noa i ngā kaihanga waikawa kaha kia puta ai ngā koroni pōuri, ā, mō Escherichia coli i te āhua matarohia, he kanapa konganuku kākāriki. Ka wehewehea e te MacConkey agar aua mahi: ka pehi ngā tote bile me te crystal violet i ngā Gram positive, ka whakarato te lactose i te pūtake mō te whakawhena, ā, ka whakaatu te neutral red i te waikawa hei koroni māwhero, whero rānei. Mēnā ko te mahi he whakaaturanga whakapae mārama o E. coli, he wāhi tō EMB. Mēnā ko te mahi he wehe māmā i ngā kaiwhakawhena lactose māwhero i ngā kore-whakawhena kāore he tae, otirā i ngā rerenga mahi tūtae, mimi rānei, ko MacConkey te pānui māmā ake i te nuinga o te wā. Kāore tētahi o ēnei pereti e tautuhi i tētahi rauropi mā te tae anake.

EMB: ngā waikano e kōwhiri ana, e whakaatu ana hoki i te wā kotahi

Ka whakakotahitia e te ariā EMB te kōwhiri me te tohu ki roto i ngā rāpoi ngota kotahi. E whakaahua ana te kawa eosin methylene blue agar a ASM i te EMB hei pāpāho kōwhiri, wehewehe hoki, ka aukati te takirua waikano i te maha o ngā rauropi Gram positive, ā, ka akiaki te whakawhena lactose i te kaponga me te whakapūnga o te waikano. Kei roto i tētahi whakatakotoranga Levine paerewa te peptone, lactose, phosphate, eosin Y, methylene blue, me te agar, e whakarārangitia ana i te tikanga FDA BAM mō Levine EMB agar. Kia mōhio, i ētahi tohutao EMB tawhito i tāpirihia te sucrose ki te lactose, engari he lactose anake tō Levine EMB, kāore he sucrose, nō reira tuhia ko tēhea whakatakotoranga kei tō taiwhanga.

Ko te pānui EMB he pānui i te whanonga o te waikano. Mā te whakawhena lactose kaha e nui ai te waikawa kia kaha te whakapūnga o te waikano, ka puta ai ngā pokapū kahurangi-pango pōuri o E. coli, ā, i te āhua matarohia, he kanapa konganuku kākāriki i te rama whakaata. Ko ngā kaiwhakawhena ngoikore ake pērā i Enterobacter me Klebsiella ka tipu hei koroni māwhero ki te waiporoporo, he mucoid, ā, kāore i te nuinga o te wā taua kanapa. Ko ngā kore-whakawhena pērā i Salmonella, Shigella, me Proteus ka tipu hei koroni kāore he tae, āhua pūataata rānei, nā te mea kāore e whakaputa i te puhanga waikawa e whakapū ai ngā waikano. I te nuinga o te wā ka pehia ngā Gram positive, ahakoa he āhuatanga whānui noa te pehitanga, ā, ka rerekē i runga i te momo riaka me te hua. Ko te matū katoa o te whakarite waikano, tae atu ki te take e whanonga ai te methylene blue hei waikano cationic i te tuatahi, nō tētahi matapaki motuhake mō ngā whakatakotoranga waikano, ā, kei tētahi atlas tikanga whakapoke te horopaki whānui o te microscopy. Ka aro tēnei tuhinga ki te kōwhiri me te pānui pereti.

He whakaahua whakatauira te pikitia i runga ake. E whakaatu ana i te arorau ā-kanohi me tūmanako: ngā koroni pōuri kanapa, ngā momo māwhero mucoid, me ngā momo mā i runga i EMB, ka whakatauritea ki ngā momo māwhero me ngā momo mā i runga i MacConkey. Whakamahia hei ako i te tauira, kātahi ka whakaū i ia whakataunga ki ngā mana whakahaere kua whakaahuatia me te pepa whakauru hua mō te pāpāho tika kei tō pae mahi.

MacConkey: kua wehea ngā mahi, he māmā ake te ture ā-kanohi

Ka tohaina e te ariā MacConkey ia mahi ki tētahi whakauru motuhake. E whakaatu ana te kawa MacConkey agar a ASM i taua anga kōwhiri, wehewehe hoki, ā, ka whakarārangi te tikanga FDA BAM mō MacConkey agar i ngā wāhanga mahi: ngā peptone, lactose, tote bile, tote, neutral red, crystal violet, me te agar. Ka kōwhiri ngā tote bile me te crystal violet ki te aukati i ngā Gram positive. Ka whakarato te lactose i te pūtake whakawhena. Ka mahi te neutral red hei tohu pH, ka huri māwhero ki te whero i ngā wāhi e hangaia ai te waikawa, ā, i ētahi wā ka kitea te bile kua whakapū huri noa i ngā kaiwhakawhena kaha.

He mārama pū te ture pānui: ko te māwhero he kaiwhakawhena lactose, ko te kore tae, ko te tae mā rānei he kore-whakawhena. Ka kitea a E. coli hei māwhero ki te whero, ā, he kōmaru bile kua whakapū i te nuinga o te wā. Ka kitea a Klebsiella me Enterobacter hei māwhero, ā, he mucoid i te nuinga o te wā nā ō rāua capsule. Ka kitea a Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, me ētahi atu rākau Gram negative maha hei kore tae. He painga anō tēnei i ngā taiwhanga whakaako: ka whakaiti ngā tote bile i te swarming a Proteus i te nuinga o te wā, nō reira he māmā ake te whiwhi koroni wehe i runga i MacConkey i ngā pāpāho kore-kōwhiri, ahakoa kāore te pehitanga e tino oti, ā, kei reira hoki ngā kōwhiringa kore-tote mēnā ko te whakahaere swarming te kaupapa matua.

Ko te take rāpoi ngota e pēnei ai te whanonga o ngā waikano ka ahu mai i te utu hiko me te hanganga. He waikano phenothiazine cationic te methylene blue, ā, ka whakamārama ōna hanganga me ōna āhuatanga i tōna piringa ki ngā mata huakita waikawa, arā ko taua piringa anō e mahi ana ina whakapūngia ki ngā rohe waikawa i runga i EMB.

Whakataurite tere

Pānuitia te ripanga hei tukanga whakatau. Ina hiahia te mahi kia kite ngā ākonga i tētahi awhe o te kaha whakawhena me tētahi pito tino mārama, ka whakaaturia tēnā e EMB. Ina hiahia te mahi ki tētahi wehenga takirua tere i mua i te whakaū koiora-matū, ka whakaaturia tēnā e MacConkey.

Ko tēhea pāpāho mō tēhea tauira

Mō ngā mahi wai e aro ana ki te mōhio whakapae ki te fecal coliform, ki E. coli rānei, he whaihua a EMB nā te tino rerekē o te kanapa ā-kanohi. Ka whakahaere hoki a MacConkey i ngā enteric Gram negative, ā, kua whakamahia hoki i ngā whakamātautau wai i mua, engari kāore tētahi pereti e whakakapi i tētahi tikanga wai ā-ture, tērā pea ka whakahau i ngā pāpāho pērā i modified mTEC, MI rānei, i runga i te whakamātautau. Tirohia te tikanga e herea ana tō taiwhanga ki te whai.

Mō ngā wehenga ā-tūtae o ngā kaiwhakawhena mai i ngā kore-whakawhena, ko MacConkey te mea whaihua ake o ēnei e rua i te nuinga o te wā. Mō ngā mahi tūtae whaihua e rapu ana i Salmonella, Shigella rānei, ka tāpirihia he pāpāho enteric kōwhiri ake pērā i XLD, Hektoen enteric rānei, kaua e whakawhirinaki ki MacConkey anake.

Mō ngā mahi whakaako ā-mimi e whai ana i te rerenga mahi haumanu, whakamahia tahitia a MacConkey me te blood agar. Ka whakarato a MacConkey i te wehenga wawe o ngā Gram negative, ā, ka whakaora te blood agar i ngā rauropi ka pehia e MacConkey. He whakakotahitanga paerewa tēnei i ngā whakaahuatanga haumanu mō te whakarite ahurea mimi.

Mō te whakaako ariā anake, whakamahia ēnei e rua. Ka whakaako a EMB he mea nui te kaha whakawhena, ā, ka taea e te rāpoi ngota kotahi te mahi i ngā tūranga e rua. Ka whakaako a MacConkey i te hoahoa kōwae: ka wehea te kaikōwhiri, te pūtake, me te kaiwhakaatu. Ko ngā ākonga e tārai ana i tētahi E. coli e mōhiotia ana, tētahi Klebsiella aerogenes e mōhiotia ana, me tētahi Salmonella e mōhiotia ana, taha ki te taha i runga i ngā pāpāho e rua, kāore e rangirua anō ki ngā arorau e rua i te nuinga o te wā.

Ngā hapa pānui ka hoki mai i ia wā ako

Ko te hapa tino auau ko te tautuhi mā te tae anake. Ko te māwhero i runga i MacConkey tērā pea ko E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, tētahi atu kaiwhakawhena rānei. Ko te kore tae tērā pea ko Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, tētahi atu kore-whakawhena rānei. He āhuatanga matawai te tae hei arataki i ngā mahi whakaū pērā i te Gram stain, oxidase, ngā paewhiri koiora-matū, te tautuhi taputapu rānei; ehara i te ingoa momo.

Ko te hapa tuarua ko te nui rawa o te whakamāori i te korenga o te kanapa. Ko ētahi koroni E. coli tūturu, otirā ngā mea kua tino wehea, he iti, kāore rānei he kanapa konganuku i runga i EMB. Kāore te kore kanapa e whakakore i E. coli, ā, kāore hoki te kanapa e whakamana i taua tautuhinga. Whakaarohia te kanapa hei tohu whakapae.

Ko te hapa tuatoru ko te whakataurite i ngā pereti he rerekē te pakeke. Ka taea e ngā kaiwhakawhena lactose tōmuri te huri māwhero i runga i MacConkey i muri i te whakamahana roa, ka whakangāwari i te wehenga mārama o te kaiwhakawhena me te kore-whakawhena. Pānuitia i te hāora kua whakaritea e te taiwhanga, ā, tuhia te wā whakamahana me te hua.

Ko te hapa tuawhā ko te pānui i te tipu whakaranu hei rauropi kotahi. Ko tētahi koroni māwhero i te taha o tētahi koroni kore tae e tohu ana i ngā phenotype e rua, ehara i tētahi āhua waenga. Tīpakohia ngā koroni kua tino wehea, ā, mahia motuhaketia ia morphotype. He mahanga ōrite tō te kakano mucoid: ka taea e Klebsiella me Enterobacter te āhua mucoid, nō reira kāore te capsule anake e whakatau i te ingoa. Ko te rauropi i whakaakona i mua ko Enterobacter aerogenes kua whakarōpūtia ināianei hei Klebsiella aerogenes, ā, koinei te take e āhua taupatupatu ai ngā tūtohi tawhito me ngā tapanga hou.

Ngā mana whakahaere me tētahi ture whakamutunga

Whakahaerehia ngā mana whakahaere kua whakaahuatia, ngā mana whakahaere hou rānei, i ia wā mahi: E. coli mō te tauhohenga kaiwhakawhena kaha, Klebsiella aerogenes mō te whakawhena mucoid kāore he kanapa matarohia, tētahi riaka Salmonella mō te tauhohenga kore-whakawhena kāore he tae, me Staphylococcus aureus hei whakaū i te pehitanga Gram positive i runga i tō hua ake. Whakatauritea ngā tau riaka me ngā paearu whakaaetanga ki te pepa whakauru a te kaiwhakanao, nā te mea ka neke te kōwhiritanga i runga i te nui o te bile, crystal violet, me te waikano.

Kia maumahara ki tētahi rerenga i te pae mahi. Ka whakamahia e EMB ngā waikano e kōwhiri ana, e whakaatu ana hoki, ā, ka whiwhi i tētahi tohu E. coli tino mārama engari he uaua ake te pānui. Ka wehewehea e MacConkey te mahi kōwhiri i te mahi whakaatu, ā, ka whiwhi i tētahi wehenga māmā o te māwhero ki te mā engari he iti ake ngā taipitopito mō te whakawhena. Kōwhiria te pāpāho e hāngai ana tōna ariā ki te pātai, whakaūngia te tae mā ngā whakamātautau tika, ā, ka mutu te whakataetae a ngā pereti e rua, ka tīmata kē te mahi tahi.