EMB agar na MacConkey agar: ịhọrọ na ịkọwa media

Nwa akwụkwọ na-akụ otu sample mmiri ahụ n'elu plate abụọ. N'otu, colony gbara ọchịchịrị nwere ìhè metallic akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ pụtara. N'ọzọ, colony pink na-enwu enwu nwere halo dị ka alụlụ pụtara. E si n'otu tube tinye inoculum n'elu plate abụọ ahụ, a kụnyere ha n'akụkụ ibe ha, ma gụọ ha n'otu elekere ahụ. Nwa akwụkwọ ahụ jụrụ plate nke ziri ezi.

Plate abụọ ahụ ziri ezi. Ha na-aza ajụjụ dị iche. Mgbagwoju anya na-abịa mgbe a na-ewere media abụọ ahụ dị ka screen ndị a pụrụ iji dochie ibe ha maka nje eriri afọ. Ha nwere otu ebumnuche: ịhọrọ organism enteric Gram negative ma kewaa ndị na-ferment lactose na ndị na-adịghị ferment ya, mana ha na-eme nke a site na kemistri dị iche na usoro anya dị iche. Ozugbo ị ghọtara echiche abụọ dị n'okpuru ha, ịhọrọ plate na ịgụ colony na-adị mfe.

Azịza dị mkpirikpi

EMB agar na-eji dye abụọ, eosin Y na methylene blue, nke na-arụ ọrụ abụọ n'otu oge: ha na-egbochi uto Gram positive ma na-precipitate gburugburu ndị na-emepụta acid nke ukwuu iji mepụta colony gbara ọchịchịrị, nke a na-ahụkarị na Escherichia coli dịka sheen metallic akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ. MacConkey agar kewara ọrụ ndị ahụ: bile salts tinyere crystal violet na-egbochi Gram positives, lactose na-enye ihe maka fermentation, ebe neutral red na-egosi acid dịka colony pink ma ọ bụ red. Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ahụ bụ igosi E. coli n'ụzọ presumptive nke pụtara ìhè, EMB bara uru. Ọ bụrụ na ọrụ ahụ bụ ikewa ndị na-ferment lactose na ndị na-adịghị ferment ya n'ụzọ dị mfe dịka pink megide enweghị agba, karịchaa na workflow stool ma ọ bụ urine, MacConkey na-adịkarị mfe ịgụ. Ọ dịghị otu plate n'ime ha na-achọpụta organism site na agba naanị.

EMB: dye na-ahọrọ ma na-egosi n'otu oge

Echiche EMB na-etinye selection na indication n'ime otu molecules ahụ. Protocol ASM maka eosin methylene blue agar na-akọwa EMB dịka media nke bụ ma selective ma differential, ebe dye abụọ ahụ na-egbochi ọtụtụ organism Gram positive, ebe lactose fermentation na-eme ka dye banye ma precipitate. Standard Levine formulation nwere peptone, lactose, phosphate, eosin Y, methylene blue, na agar, dịka e depụtara na usoro FDA BAM maka Levine EMB agar. Rịba ama na ụfọdụ recipe EMB ochie na-agbakwunye sucrose na lactose, ebe Levine EMB nwere lactose na-enweghị sucrose, ya mere dekọọ formulation nke laboratory gị na-edobe.

Ịgụ EMB pụtara ịgụ omume dye. Fermentation lactose siri ike na-emepụta acid zuru oke iji kpalite nnukwu precipitation nke dye, na-enye E. coli etiti dark blue black ya na, n'ọnọdụ classic, sheen metallic akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ n'ìhè reflected. Ndị na-ferment adịghị ike dịka Enterobacter na Klebsiella na-etolitekarị dịka colony pink ruo purple, mucoid, na-enweghị sheen ahụ. Ndị na-adịghị ferment dịka Salmonella, Shigella, na Proteus na-etolitekarị dịka colony enweghị agba ma ọ bụ translucent n'ihi na ha anaghị emepụta nnukwu acid burst nke na-eme ka dye precipitate. A na-egbochikarị Gram positives, ọ bụ ezie na ogo suppression na-adịgasị iche dabere na strain na product. Kemistri zuru ezu nke nkwadebe dye, gụnyere ihe kpatara methylene blue ji arụ ọrụ dịka cationic stain n'isi, kwesịrị ịdị na mkparịta ụka ọzọ gbasara dye formulations, ebe general microscopy context dị na atlas nke staining methods. Isiokwu a na-elekwasị anya na nhọrọ plate na ịgụ ya.

Figure dị n'elu bụ ihe atụ. Ọ na-egosi usoro anya a ga-atụ anya ya: colony gbara ọchịchịrị nwere sheen, ụdị pink mucoid, na ụdị pale na EMB, megide ụdị pink na pale na MacConkey. Jiri ya mụta pattern ahụ, mgbe ahụ kwado mkpebi ọ bụla site na photographed controls na product insert maka medium kpọmkwem dị na bench gị.

MacConkey: ọrụ ekewara, iwu anya dị mfe

Echiche MacConkey na-enye ingredient ọ bụla ọrụ nke ya. Protocol ASM maka MacConkey agar na-egosi otu selective na differential framing ahụ, ebe usoro FDA BAM maka MacConkey agar depụtara akụkụ ndị na-arụ ọrụ: peptones, lactose, bile salts, salt, neutral red, crystal violet, na agar. Bile salts tinyere crystal violet na-ahọrọ megide Gram positives. Lactose na-enye substrate maka fermentation. Neutral red na-arụ ọrụ dịka pH reporter, na-agbanwe gaa pink ruo red ebe acid na-etolite, mgbe ụfọdụ yana bile precipitated gburugburu ndị na-ferment nke ukwuu.

Iwu ịgụ ya bụ nke e mere ka ọ dị mfe: pink pụtara lactose fermenter, ebe enweghị agba ma ọ bụ pale pụtara nonfermenter. E. coli na-apụta pink ruo red, mgbe ụfọdụ nwere halo nke bile precipitate. Klebsiella na Enterobacter na-apụta pink ma na-abụkarị mucoid n'ihi capsules ha. Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, na ọtụtụ Gram negative rods ndị ọzọ na-apụta enweghị agba. Enwekwara uru ọzọ dị mkpa na teaching labs: bile salts na-ebelatakarị swarming nke Proteus, ya mere ọ dị mfe inweta colony ndị kewapụrụ iche na MacConkey karịa na media nonselective, ọ bụ ezie na suppression abụghị absolute, ma enwere alternatives na-enweghị salt ebe ịchịkwa swarming bụ ihe kacha mkpa.

Ihe molecular kpatara dye ndị a ji eme otu a sitere na charge na structure. Methylene blue bụ cationic phenothiazine dye nke structure na properties ya na-akọwa affinity ya maka acidic bacterial surfaces, nke bụ otu affinity ahụ na-arụ ọrụ mgbe ọ na-precipitate na acid zones na EMB.

Ntụnyere n'otu anya

Gụọ table ahụ dịka usoro ime mkpebi. Mgbe exercise chọrọ ka ụmụ akwụkwọ hụ gradient nke ike fermentation yana otu endpoint pụtara ìhè, EMB na-egosi ya. Mgbe exercise chọrọ nkewa binary ngwa ngwa tupu biochemical confirmation, MacConkey na-egosi ya.

Medium kwesịrị ekwesị maka sample ọ bụla

Maka exercise mmiri e mere maka presumptive fecal coliform ma ọ bụ E. coli recognition, EMB na-adọrọ mmasị n'ihi na sheen ya pụtara ìhè. MacConkey nwekwara ike ijikwa enteric Gram negatives ma nwee historical water use, mana ọ dịghị otu plate n'ime ha na-anọchi regulatory water method, nke nwere ike ịkọwapụta media dịka modified mTEC ma ọ bụ MI dabere na test ahụ. Lelee method laboratory gị kwesịrị iso.

Maka stool style separations nke fermenters na nonfermenters, MacConkey na-abụkarị nke bara uru karịa n'ime ha abụọ. Practical stool work maka Salmonella ma ọ bụ Shigella na-agbakwụnyekarị media enteric ndị ọzọ selective dịka XLD ma ọ bụ Hektoen enteric kama ịdabere na MacConkey naanị.

Maka urine style teaching nke na-eṅomi clinical workflow, jikọta MacConkey na blood agar. MacConkey na-enye early Gram negative sort ebe blood agar na-eweghachi organisms nke MacConkey na-egbochi. Pairing a bụ standard n'okwu clinical gbasara urine culture setup.

Maka ịkụzi concept naanị, jiri ha abụọ. EMB na-akụzi na ike fermentation dị mkpa nakwa na otu molecule nwere ike ịrụ ọrụ abụọ. MacConkey na-akụzi modular design: selector, substrate, na reporter edobere iche. Ụmụ akwụkwọ ndị na-akụ known E. coli, known Klebsiella aerogenes, na known Salmonella n'akụkụ ibe ha na media abụọ ahụ anaghị adịkarị mgbagwoju anya banyere logics abụọ ahụ ọzọ.

Nsogbu ịgụ nsonaazụ na-eme ugboro ugboro n'oge ọ bụla

Nsogbu kachasị na-eme bụ ịchọpụta organism site na agba naanị. Pink na MacConkey nwere ike ịbụ E. coli, Klebsiella, Enterobacter, ma ọ bụ fermenter ọzọ. Enweghị agba nwere ike ịbụ Salmonella, Shigella, Proteus, Pseudomonas, ma ọ bụ nonfermenter ọzọ. Agba bụ screening phenotype nke na-eduzi confirmatory work dịka Gram stain, oxidase, biochemical panels, ma ọ bụ instrument identification; ọ bụghị aha species.

Nsogbu nke abụọ bụ ịkọwa enweghị sheen karịa ókè. Ụfọdụ genuine E. coli colonies, karịchaa ndị isolated, na-emepụta obere metallic sheen ma ọ bụ enweghị ya. Enweghị sheen anaghị ewepụ E. coli, ọnụnọ sheen anaghịkwa egosi ya n'ụzọ doro anya. Were sheen dịka presumptive clue.

Nsogbu nke atọ bụ ịtụnyere plate ndị nwere afọ dị iche. Delayed lactose fermenters nwere ike ịghọ pink na MacConkey mgbe incubation toro ogologo, nke na-eme ka nkewa doro anya n'etiti fermenter na nonfermenter ghara ịdị nkọ. Gụọ ya n'elekere laboratory kwuru ma dekọọ incubation time yana nsonaazụ.

Nsogbu nke anọ bụ ịgụ mixed growth dịka otu organism. Colony pink dị n'akụkụ colony enweghị agba na-egosi phenotype abụọ, ọ bụghị otu intermediate. Họrọ colony ndị kewapụrụ nke ọma ma rụọ ọrụ na morphotype ọ bụla iche. Mucoid texture na-ewetakwa otu trap ahụ: ma Klebsiella ma Enterobacter nwere ike ịdị mucoid, ya mere capsule naanị enweghị ike ikpebi aha. Organism a na-akụzibu dịka Enterobacter aerogenes ugbu a bụ Klebsiella aerogenes, nke na-akọwa ihe kpatara charts ochie na labels ọhụrụ ji yie ka ha na-ekwekọghị.

Controls na iwu mmechi

Jiri photographed controls ma ọ bụ fresh controls n'oge session ọ bụla: E. coli maka strong fermenter reaction, Klebsiella aerogenes maka mucoid fermentation na-enweghị classic sheen, Salmonella strain maka colorless nonfermenter reaction, na Staphylococcus aureus iji kwado Gram positive suppression na product gị kpọmkwem. Mee ka strain numbers na acceptance criteria kwekọọ na manufacturer insert, n'ihi na selectivity na-agbanwe dabere na bile, crystal violet, na dye content.

Cheta otu ahịrịokwu mgbe ị nọ na bench. EMB na-eji dye ndị na-ahọrọ ma na-ekwu n'otu oge, nke na-enye signal E. coli pụtara ìhè mana na-achọ ịgụ ihe ndị dị ntakịrị mgbagwoju anya. MacConkey na-ekewa ọrụ ịhọrọ na ọrụ igosi, nke na-enye nkewa doro anya nke pink megide pale mana na-enye obere nkọwa gbasara fermentation. Họrọ medium nke concept ya kwekọrọ na ajụjụ ahụ, kwado agba site na tests kwesịrị ekwesị, mgbe ahụ plate abụọ ahụ agaghịzi asọmpi kama ha ga-arụkọ ọrụ.